CBSE 10th Standard Science Subject Metals and Non-Metals Chapter Case Study Questions 2021
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CBSE 10th Standard Science Subject Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Questions 2021
10th Standard CBSE
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Reg.No. :
Science
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The chemical properties of metals are mostly linked with the electron releasing tendency of their atoms. Greater the tendency, more will be the reactivity of the metal. They react with oxygen, water, hydrogen, acids, etc. Since they can lose electrons, they act as reducing agents. Some reactions of metals are given as :
Metal + Oxygen \(\longrightarrow\) Metal oxide
Metal + Water \(\longrightarrow\)7 Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen ..
Metal + Acid(dilute)\(\longrightarrow\)7 Metal salt + Hydrogen
Metal X + Salt solution of metal Y \(\longrightarrow\)7 Salt solution of X + Y (Displacement reaction).
(i) Metals such as _________ and __________ react so vigorously that they catch fire if kept in the open. Hence, to protect them and to prevent accidental fires, they are kept immersed in _____________.(a) phosphorus, magnesium, water (b) sodium, potassium, kerosene oil (c) sodium, potassium, water (d) tin, lead, alcohol (ii) Which of the following pairs will give displacement reaction?
(a) NaCl solution and copper metal (b) MgCl2 solution and aluminium metal (c) FeSO4 solution and silver metal (d) AgNO3 solution and copper metal (iii) There are four metals K, L, M and N. Identify them by using the hints given below.
K forms basic oxide.
L forms amphoteric oxide.
Oxide of M dissolves in water to form alkali.
N does not react with water at all.\({ (a) } K \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}, L \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}, M \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}, N \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}\) \({ (b) } K \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}, L \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}, M \rightarrow \mathrm{K}, N \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}\) \({ (c) } K \rightarrow \mathrm{K}, L \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}, M \rightarrow \mathrm{Pb}, N \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}\) \({ (d) } K \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}, L \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}, M \rightarrow \mathrm{K}, N \rightarrow \mathrm{Pb}\) (iv) Which metal does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid?
(a) Iron (b) Sodium (c) Zinc (d) Copper (v) Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because
(a) zinc is costlier than tin (b) zinc has a higher melting point than tin (c) zinc is more reactive than tin (d) zinc is less reactive than tin. (a) -
On the basis of reactivity of different metals with oxygen, water and acids as well as displacement reactions, the metals have been arranged in the decreasing order of their reactivities. This arrangement is known as activity series or reactivity series of metals.
The basis of reactivity is the tendency of metals to lose electrons. If a metal can lose electrons easily to form positive ions, it will react readily with other substances. Therefore, it will be a reactive metal. On the other hand, if a meal loses electrons less rapidly to form a positive ion, it will react slowly with other substances. Therefore, such a metal will be less reactive.
(i) Which of the following metals is less reactive than hydrogen?(a) Copper (b) Zinc (c) Magnesium (d) Lead (ii) Which of the following metals is more reactive than hydrogen?
(a) Mercury (b) Platinum (c) Iron (d) Gold (iii) Which of the following metals reacts vigorously with oxygen?
(a) Zinc (b) Magnesium (c) Sodium (d) Copper (iv) Which of the following represents the correct order of reactivity for the given metals?
\({ (a) } \mathrm{Na}>\mathrm{Mg}>\mathrm{Al}>\mathrm{Cu}\) \({ (b) } \mathrm{Mg}>\mathrm{Na}>\mathrm{Al}>\mathrm{Cu}\) \({ (c) } \mathrm{Na}>\mathrm{Mg}>\mathrm{Cu}>\mathrm{Al}\) \({(d) } \mathrm{Mg}>\mathrm{Al}>\mathrm{Na}>\mathrm{Cu}\) (v) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid. It is because HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent. It oxidises the H2 produced to water and itself gets reduced to any of the nitrogen oxides (N2O, NO, NO2 ). But ___________ and ___________ react with very dilute HNO3 to evolve H2 gas.
(a) Pb, Cu (b) Na, K (c) Mg, Mn (d) AI, Zn (a) -
Non-m;tals are highly electronegative in nature. They have a tendency to gain electrons in their valence shell to achieve nearest noble gas configuration. Thus, they form anions and act as good oxidising agents.
\(X \quad+n e^{-} \longrightarrow X^{n-}\)
(non-metal atom) (anion)
They react with air or oxygen on heating to form oxides which react with water to form acids. Thus, nonmetal oxides are acidic in nature. Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all. This is because they are electronegative and therefore, cannot displace hydrogen from acids but they form covalent hydrides when heated with hydrogen.
(i) The acid formed when sulphur trioxide reacts with water is(a) sulphurous acid (b) sulphuric acid (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these (ii) An element 'X' forms an oxide XO2 , which is a very useful gas used in the process of photosynthesis. The element 'X' is
(a) sulphur (b) nitrogen (c) carbon (d) phosphorus (iii) Non-metals generally act as
(a) oxidising agents (b) reducing agents (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these (iv) Which of the following elements produces basic oxide on reacting with oxygen?
(a) Chlorine (b) Sulphur (c) Phosphorus (d) Magnesium (v) Which of the following is a covalent hydride?
(a) CH4 (b) NH3 (c) H2S (d) All of these (a) -
Although there is no sharp line of distinction between metals and non-metals yet there are some distinctive differences. The main points of differences are:
Property Metals Non-metals Electronic structure They have 1 to 3 electrons in the outermost shell of their atoms They have 4 to 8 electrons in the outermost shell of their atoms. State of existence They are mostly solid at room temperature except mercury and gallium which are liquid. They are either solids or gases at room temperature (except bromine which is a liquid). Density They have high density. They have low density. Nature of ions They are electropositive elements and hence, lose one or more electrons to form positive ions. They are electronegative elements and
hence, gain one or more electrons to form negative ions.Nature of chlorides They generally combine with chlorineto form solid ionic chlorides which conduct electricity in the aqueous solution or in the molten state. They combine with chlorine to form covalen chlorides. These are either gases or liquids. Non-metal chlorides do not contain ions, therefore, they do not conduct electricity. Nature of oxides They form basic oxides, though some oxides are amphoteric also. They form acidic or neutral oxides. Displacement of hydrogen from acids Metals which lie above hydrogen in the reactivity series displace hydrogen from acids. They do not displace hydrogen from acids. (i) Match column-I with column-Il and select the correct option using the given code
Column-I Column-II P. A metal that forms amphoteric oxides (I) Ga Q. A metal which melts when keep on our palm (II) Au R. A metal that has highest density (III) Al S. A metal which cannot displace hydrogen from acids (IV) Os (a) P-(II), Q-(I), R-(lII), S-(lV) (b) P-(III), Q-(I), R-(IV), S-(lI) (c) P-(lV), Q-(II), R-(lII), S-(I) (d) P-(lII), Q-(II), R-(I), S-(lV) (ii) State True (T) or False (F) for the following statements.
(I) Non-metals react with acids to give a salt and hydrogen gas.
(II) Zinc oxide is amphoteric in nature.
(III) Copper oxide is basic in nature.
(IV) Hydrogen gas is evolved when a metal reacts with dilute acid.
(V) Copper reacts vigorously with dilute HCl.(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (a) F F F T T (b) T F T F F (c) F T F F T (d) F T T T F (iii) Tick (✓) the correct statements and cross (x) the incorrect statements.
(I) Non-metals are either solids or gases except mercury which is a liquid.
(II) Sodium is a metal and can lose its electrons easily.
(III) Most non-metals produce acidic oxides when dissolved in water. Most metals produce basic oxides on reaction with water.
(IV) Graphite is a conductor of electricity.(I) (II) (III) (IV) (a) ✓ メ ✓ メ (b) メ ✓ メ ✓ (c) メ ✓ ✓ ✓ (d) メ ✓ ✓ メ (iv) An element X (atomic number 12) reacts with another element Y (atomic number 17) to form a compound Z. Which of the following statements are true regarding this compound?
I. Molecular formula of Z is XY2
II. It is soluble in water.
III. X and Yare joined by sharing of electrons.
IV. It would conduct electricity in the molten state.(a) II and III only (b) I and II only (c) I, III and IV only (d) I, II and IV only (v) Which of the following metals form an amphoteric oxide?
(a) Zn (b) Ca (c) Na (d) Cu (a) -
Sample pieces of five metals P, Q, R, Sand T are added to the tabulated solutions separately. The results observed are shown in the table given below:
Metal Solutions CuSO4 ZnSO4 FeSO4 AgNO3
P No change No change No change A coating on metal Q Brown coating ___ Grey deposit A coating on metal R No change No change No change No change S ___ No change No change Brown deposit T Brown deposit New coating New coating New coating Based on the observations recorded in the table answer the following questions:
(i) Which is the most reactive metal?(a) Q (b) R (c) S (d) T (ii) Which is the least reactive metal?
(a) P (b) R (c) T (d) Q (iii) Activity series of elements is
(a) the arrangement of elements in increasing order of reactivity. (b) the arrangement of elements in decreasing order of reactivity. (c) the arrangement of oxides of elements in increasing order of reactivity (d) none of these. (iv) Which of the following metal is least reactive?
(a) Zn (b) Cu (c) Ag (d) Fe (v) Decreasing order of reactivity is
(a) P> Q> R > S> T (b) Q > T > R > S > P (c) T>Q>S>P>R (d) S > R > Q> T> P (a)
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CBSE 10th Standard Science Subject Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Questions 2021 Answer Keys
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(i) (b)
(Ii) (d): As copper is more reactive than silver, it displaces silver from silver nitrate solution.
(iii) (d): CuO is basic in nature, ZnO is amphoteric in nature.
Oxide of potassium dissolves in water to form alkali.\(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{(s)}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{(l)} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{KOH}_{(a q)}\) Pb does not react with water at all. Thus, K, L, M and N are Cu, Zn, K and Pb respectively.
(iv) (d)
(v) (c): Zinc being more reactive than tin can react with food elements kept in food cans. -
(i) (a): Copper is placed below hydrogen in activity series therefore, it is less reactive than hydrogen.
(ii) (c): Iron is placed above hydrogen in activity series therefore, it is more reactive than hydrogen.
(iii) (c)
(iv) (a)
(v) (c) -
\({ (i) }(\mathrm{b}): \mathrm{SO}_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}+\text { heat }\)
(ii) (c): Carbon forms CO2 on reaction with oxygen. During photosynthesis plants take in CO2 ,
(iii) (a): Non-metals act as oxidising agents since they can accept electrons.
(iv) (d): Magnesium, being a metal, produces basic oxide on reaction with oxygen.
\(2 \mathrm{Mg}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{MgO}\)
(v) (d): Carbon, nitrogen and sulphur are non-metals hence, they form covalent hydrides. -
(i) (b)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (c)
(iv) (d): An element (X) with atomic number 12 is Mg. Element (Y) with atomic number 17 is Cl. Therefore, compound (Z) will be MgCI2. It is soluble in water. It is an ionic compound and it conducts electricity in the molten state.
(v) (a) -
(i) (d): The most reactive metal is T.
(ii) (b): The least reactive metal is R.
(iii) (b)
(iv) (c)
(v) (c): T> Q> S> P> R.
