CBSE 10th Standard Science Subject Metals and Non-Metals Chapter Case Study Questions With Solution 2021
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CBSE 10th Standard Science Subject Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Questions With Solution 2021
10th Standard CBSE
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Reg.No. :
Science
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The chemical reactivity of an element depends upon its electronic configuration. All elements having less than eight electrons in the outermost shell show chemical reactivity. During chemical reactions, atoms of all elements tend to achieve a completely filled valence shell. Metals are electropositive in nature. They have tendency to lose one or more electrons present in the valence shell of their atoms to form cations and achieve nearest noble gas configuration. The compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from one element to other are known as ionic or electrovalent compounds.
(i) The electronic configurations of three elements X, Y and Z are:
X : 2 Y: 2, 8, 7 Z : 2, 8, 2
Which of the following is correct regarding these elements?(a) X is a metal. (b) Y is a metal. (c) Z is a non-metal (d)Yis a non-metal and Z is a metal (ii) Element X reacts with element Y to form a compound Z. During the formation of compound Z, atoms of X lose one electron each whereas atoms of Y gain one electron each. Which of the following properties is not shown by compound Z?
(a) High melting point (b) Low melting point (c) Occurrence as solid (d) Conduction of electricity in molten state (iii) Which of the following is correct representation of formation of magnesium chloride?
(d) None of these (iv) The electronic configuration of sodium ion is
(a) 2,8,8 (b) 2,8,2. (c) 2,6 (d) 2,8. (v)Which of the following represents an electropositive element?
(a) 2,8,6 (b) 2,8,8 (c) 2,8,8,1 (d) 2, 7 -
The arrangement of metals in a vertical column in the decreasing order of their reactivities is called the reactivity series or activity series of metals. The most reactive metal is at the top position of the reactivity series. The least reactive metal is at the bottom of the reactivity series.
Hydrogen, though a non-metal, has been included in the activity series of metals only for comparison. Apart from it, the hydrogen atom also has tendency to lose its valence electron and form cation which behaves like metal.
\(\mathrm{H} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}^{+}+e^{-}\)
(i) Which metal can be displaced by copper from its salt solution?(a) Zinc (b) Silver (c) Iron (d) Lead (ii) An element 'X after reacting with acids liberates hydrogen gas and can displace lead and mercury from their salt solutions. The metal 'X is
(a) copper (b) gold (c) calcium (d) hydrogen. (iii) the most reactive metal is
(a) potassium (b) barium (c) zinc (d) calcium (iv) The metal which does not liberate hydrogen gas after reacting with acid is
(a) zinc (b) lead (c) iron (d) gold (v) Which of the following metals does not react with water at all?
(I) Sodium
(II) Copper
(III) Aluminium
(IV) Lead(a) I and III only (b) IV only (c) II and IV only (d) I, II, III and IV -
Metals as we know, are very useful in all fields, industries in particular. Non-metals are no less in any way. Oxygen present in air is essential for breathing as well as for combustion. Non-metals form a large number of compounds which are extremely useful, e.g., ammonia, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, etc.
Non-metals are found to exist in three states of matter. Only solid non-metals are expected to be hard however, they have low density and are brittle. They usually have low melting and boiling points and are poor conductors of electricity.
(i)____________ is a non-metal but is lustrous(a) Phosphorus (b) Sulphur (c) Bromine (d) Iodine (ii) Which of the following is known as 'King of chemicals'?
(a) Urea (b) Ammonia X (c) Sulphuric acid (d) Nitric acid (iii) Which of the following non-metals is a liquid?
(a) Carbon (b) Bromine (c) Iodine (d) Sulphur (iv) Hydrogen is used
(a) for the synthesis of ammonia (b) for the synthesis of methyl alcohol (c) in welding torches (d) all of these (v) Generally, non-metals are bad conductors of electricity but 'X'which is a form of carbon is a good conductor of electricity and is an exceptional non-metal. 'X'is
(a) diamond (b) graphite (c) coal (d) coke. -
Ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions are held together by ionic bonds. An ionic bond is the type of chemical bond in which two oppositely charged ions are held through electrostatic forces. We know that, metal atoms have loosely bound valence electrons in their valence shell and non-metal atoms need electrons in their valence shell to attain noble gas configuration. The metal atom loses the valence electrons while non-metal atom accepts these electrons. By losing electrons, metal atoms change to cations and by accepting electrons, non-metals form anions. Ionic compounds are generally solid and exist in the form of crystal. They have high melting and boiling points.
(i) Which of the following can change to a cation?(a) Fluorine (b) Oxygen (c) Potassium (d) Neon (ii) Which of the following can change to an anion?
(a) Iodine (b) Magnesium (c) Calcium (d) Xenon (iii) Ionic compounds are soluble in _____________.
(a) Kerosene (b) Petrol (c) Water (d) None of these (iv) Which of the following statements is correct about ionic compounds?
I. They conduct electricity in solid state.
II. They conduct electricity in solutions.
III. They conduct electricity in molten state.(a) I only (b) II only (c) III only (d) II and III only (v) Select the incorrect statement.
(a) Ionic compounds are generally brittle (b) Ions are the fundamental units of ionic compounds (c) Formation of ionic bonds involve sharing of electrons (d) NaCl is an ionic compound. -
An element is a pure substance made up of same kind of atoms. At present, nearly 118 elements are known but all of them do not occur free in nature, some of them have been synthesized by artificial methods. Based on their properties, they are mainly classified as metals and non-metals. Metals are those elements which lose electrons and form positive ions i.e., they are electropositive in nature. They are generally hard, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile and have striking lustre. They have a significant role to play in our daily life.
(i) Metals which are of vital importance to the national defence, energy and industry sector are called strategic metals. Which of the following is a strategic metal?(a) Titanium (b) Zirconium (c) Manganese (d) All of these (ii) Which metal is the best conductor of electricity?
(a) Silver (b) Platinum (c) Nickel (d) Iron (iii) Which of the following metals is not a coinage metal?
(a) Copper (b) Silver (c) Iron (d) Gold (iv) Which of the following are the most malleable metals?
(I) Sodium
(II) Gold
(III) Potassium
(IV) Silver(a) (I) and (IV) (b) (II) and (III) (c) (III) and (IV) (d) (II) and (IV) Identify the correct statement(s).
(I) The wires that carry current in our homes have a coating of PVC or a rubber like material.
(II) School bells are made of metals.
(III) Metals do not conduct electricity.
(IV) Metals which produce a sound on striking a hard surface are said to be non-sonorous.(a) (I) and (III) (b) (I) and (II) (c) (III) and (IV) (d) Only (II)
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CBSE 10th Standard Science Subject Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Questions With Solution 2021 Answer Keys
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(i) (d)
(Ii) (b): '2' is an ionic compound
\({ (iii) }(\mathrm{a}): \mathrm{Mg} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}+2 e^{-}\) \(\mathrm{Cl}+e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{Cl}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{MgCl}_{2}\)
2,8,2 2,8 2,8,7 2,8,8
\((\text { iv })(\mathrm{d}): \mathrm{Na} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}^{+}+e^{-}\)
2,8,1 2,8
(v) (c): (a) and (d) represent electronegative elements and (b) represents a noble gas. -
(i) (b) : Copper is more reactive than silver thus, it can displace silver from its salt solution.
(ii) (c): Calcium is more reactive than lead and mercury.
(iii) (a) :Potassium is present at the top of the activity series.
(iv) (d): Gold is below hydrogen in the reactivity series so, it does not liberate hydrogen gas on reaction with acids.
(v) (c): Metals such as lead, copper, silver and gold do not react with water at all. -
(i) (d) : Iodine is a lustrous non-metal
(ii) (c): H2 SO4 is known as 'King of Chemicals
(iii) (b): Bromine exists as a liquid.
(iv) (d)
(v) (b): Graphite conducts electricity because of the delocalised electrons in its structu -
(i) (c): Potassium, being a metal, can change to cation by losing its valence electron.
(ii) (a): Iodine, being a non-metal, can change to anion by gaining electron.
(iii) (c): Ionic compounds are generally soluble in water and insoluble in kerosene and petrol.
(iv) (d): Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in solid state as ions are very closely packed and are free to move.
(v) (c): Formation of ionic bonds involve complete transfer of electrons from metal atom to non-metal atom. -
(i) (d): Titanium, zirconium and manganese are used in defence equipments as they are light and durable and therefore, are called strategic metals.
(ii) (a)
(iii) (c): Copper, silver and gold are called coinage metals because they are used in making coins, jewellery etc.
(iv) (d)
(v) (b): Metals conduct electricity. Metals which produce a sound on striking a hard surface are said to be sonorous.
