Class 12th Biology - Human Health and Disease Case Study Questions and Answers 2022 - 2023
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Human Health and Disease Case Study Questions With Answer Key
12th Standard CBSE
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Reg.No. :
Biology
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Your classmate complains of cough and headache to the doctor. The doctor confirms that he is suffering from pneumonia and not just common cold.
(a) How did the doctor arrive at this conclusion?
(b) Write the binomials of the causative organisms of pneumonia.
(c) What is common about the transmission of the two diseases, common cold and pneumonia? -
The structure of an antibody molecule is given below. Answer the questions that follow:
(a) Why are they said to show humoral immune response?
(b) Name any four types of antibodies produced in our body. -
A youth in his twenties met with an accident and succumbed to the injuries. His parents agreed to donate his organs. Answer the following questions:
(a) List any two essential clinical steps to be undertaken before any organ transplant.
(b) Why is the organ transplant rejected sometimes? Name the kind of immunity responsible for this. -
Following a road accident, four injured persons were brought to a nearby clinic. The doctor immediately injected them with tetanus antitoxin,
(a) What is tetanus antitoxin?
(b) Why were the injured immediately injected with this antitoxin?
(c) Name the kind of immunity this injection provided. -
A diagrammatic representation of the lymph vessels, lymph nodes and thymus is shown below.
(a) Identity (I) a primary and (it) a secondary lymphoid organ from the diagram.
(b) Mention the function of each of them. -
Study the diagram showing the entry of HIV into the human body and the processes that are followed:
(a) Name the human cell 'A' HIV enters into.
(b) Mention the genetic material 'B' HIV releases into the cell.
(c) Identify enzyme 'C' -
The picture given above shows an opium poppy plant, which is the source of opioid drugs.
(a) Name the two drugs obtained from this plant.
(b) Mention the use/effect of each of them on human body. -
(a) Identify the drug, whose molecular structure is given above.
(b) Write the scientific name of its source plant.
(c) Where are its receptors present in the human body? -
The skeletal structure of a cannabinoid molecule is given above. Answer the following questions.
(a) What are the modes of its consumption by humans?
(b) Name the four different forms in which cannabinoids are produced. -
Prior to a sports event, blood and urine samples are collected for drug tests.
(a) Name the drugs the authorities usually look for.
(b) Write the scientific names of the plants from which these drugs are obtained.
(c) Name two other plants which have hallucinogenic properties too. -
When someone buys a packet of cigarette, he cannot miss the statutory warning given on the packing, which warns against smoking and tells it is injurious to health. Yet, smoking is very much prevalent in our society, both among youth and old. Mention six ill-effects of smoking to advise the adolescents to avoid smoking.
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Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below :
Riya studies in II standard in a government schooL She belongs to a backward family and her parents did not get her properly vaccinated according to immunisation programme. Once while playing in school playground she fell down due to weakness and developed high fever, headache and stiffness in her neck. Identify the illness she could be suffering from and answer the following questions.
(i) The microbe responsible for Riyas illness could be(a) Vibrio cholerae (b) Enterovirus (c) Plasmodium (d) Mycobacterium. (ii) Which vaccine, if administered earlier, would have saved Riya from the illness she unfortunately contracted?
(a) Salk vaccine (b) MMR vaccine (c) BCG vaccine (d) Varicella vaccine (iii) The disease that Riya has contracted spreads through
(a) bite of an infected mosquito (b) bite of an infected dog (c) faecal oral route (d) direct contact with the infected person. (iv) Riya can spread her illness to other children through
(a) her faeces (b) direct contact (c) coughing and sneezing in open (d) vectors. (v) Assertion: Polio produces inflammation of the nervous system.
Reason: Stiffness of the neck, paralysis of particular skeletal muscle is an important symptom of polio.(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false (d) Both assertion and reason are false. -
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below :
X and Yare communicable diseases whereas Wand Z are non-communicable diseases. X is transmitted through vectors whereas Y is transmitted through droplet infection. W is caused due to a hormone deficiency whereas Z is a degenerative disease.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Identify W, X, Y and Z.W X Y Z (a) Coronary artery disease . Cholera Chikungunya Hypertension (b) Diabetes Malaria Rhinitis Alzheimer's disease (c) Arthritis AIDS Shigella Plague (d) Gonorrhea Diphtheria Pertussis Anthrax (ii) Select the correct statement.
(a) If X is sleeping sickness then its vector is Leishmania (b) If Y is diphtheria then it is caused by Bacillus anthracis (c) If W is hypothyroidism then it is caused by deficiency of thyroxine hormone. (d) If Z is myocardial infarction then patient develops acute rheumatic fever, joint pain and throat infection (iii) If X and Y both are usual diseases then which of the following holds true?
(a) X could be dengue caused by flavivirus and Y could be AIDS caused by HIV. (b) X could be.chikungunya whereas Y could be rhinitis. (c) X could be hepatitis whereas Y could be rabies. (d) X could be chicken pox caused by Varicella zoster virus whereas Y could be yellow fever caused by flavivirus. (iv) If X and Y both are bacterial diseases then select the correct match from the following.
(a) X- Bubonic plague - Yersinia pestis (b) Y - Leprosy - Mycobacterium leprae (c) X - Whooping cough - Bordetella pertussis (d) Y - Botulism - Clostridium botulinum (v) Assertion: Communicable diseases could be contagious or non-contagious.
Reason: Diseases that spread through vectors are non-contagious disease.(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. (d) Both assertion and reason are false. -
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Rajesh, Ravi and Rohit are roommates. They are doing their graduation. Few months back Ravi fell ill. It took him around 3 weeks to recover. Both his friends were absolutely healthy at that time. After sometime Rajesh also fell ill from some other disease. This time Ravi and Rohit both contracted the same illness. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Which of the following holds true for Ravi's illness?(a) Ravi was suffering from a communicable disease that is transmitted through vector. (b) Ravi was suffering from a communicable disease that is transmitted through faecal oral route. (c) Ravi was suffering from a non-com'municable disease like anaemia. (d) Ravi was suffering from a non-communicable disease like Down's syndrome. (ii) Select the correct statement.
(a) Ravi contracted a disease caused by air borne microbes. (b) Ravi could have suffered a nutritional disorder. (c) Ravi suffered a non-contagious disease. (d) Both (b) and (c) (iii) Which could be correctly said for Rajesh's illness?
(a) Rajeshs illness was due to a microbial infection (b) Rajesh's illness could be contagious or non-contagious. (c) Rajesh's illness could be cured by antibiotics. (d) All of these (iv) Which of the following may depicts Ravi's and Rajeshs illness?
Ravi Rajesh (a) Sickle cell anaemia Myocardial infection (b) Whooping cough Tetanus (c) Gastritis Rhinitis (d) Hypertension Thyroid (v) Assertion: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease which can be completely cured.
Reason: Diabetes mellitus is caused by deficiency of aldosterone hormone.(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. (d) Both assertion and reason are false -
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The given graphs show fluctuations in blood sugar of person X and Y during a 24 hour time period.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Which of the following holds true for person X?(a) Person X is suffering from type I diabetes. (b) Person X shows severe insulin deficiency and beta cell depletion. (c) Person X is normal and shows good control of blood sugar level. (d) Person X is subjected to excessive urination and abnormal thrust. (ii) The given graph indicates that person Y is suffering from
(a) diabetes (b) hypertension (c) atherosclerosis (d) rheumatic heart disease. (iii) Which of the following conditions are common in person Y?
(a) Excretion of glucose in urine and excessive urination (b) Polydipsia and mild beta cell depletion (c) Progressive erosion of articular cartilage at synovial joint (d) Both (a) and (b) (iv) A person suffering from diabetes mellitus becomes weak because
(a) the cells are unable to utilise glucose and other carbohydrates for energy production (b) degradation of fat increases production of toxic ketone bodies (c) cells utilize proteins for obtaining energy (d) all of these. (v) Assertion: Type I diabetes involves failure of insulin to facilitate the movement of glucose into cells.
Reason: Type II diabetes is caused by failure of beta cells to produce adequate amount of insulin due to beta cell depletion.(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
Case Study
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Answers
Human Health and Disease Case Study Questions With Answer Key Answer Keys
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(a) In pneumonia, the lung alveoli become filled with a fluid leading to severe problems in breathing, whereas in common cold, only the nose and respiratory passage are affected, but not the lungs.
(b) Pneumonia is caused by
(i) Streptococcus pneumoniae
(ii) Haemophilus influenzae.
(c) Both common cold and pneumonia spread by the droplets/aerosols released by the infected person during coughing and sneezing. -
(a) Since the antibodies are found in the blood, (humor - body fluid), they are said to show humoral immune response.
(b) IgA, IgE, IgG and IgM are the four types of antibodies. -
(a) Blood group matching and tissue matching are necessary before organ transplantation.
(b) (i) The transplant is rejected sometimes because our immune system is able to differentiate between 'self and 'non-self cells.
(ii) The cell-mediated immunity is responsible for this. -
(i) Tetanus antitoxin is a preparation containing antibodies to the toxin. It is produced by tetanus bacteria Clostridium tetaní.
(ii) Antitoxins neutralize the toxin produced by bacteria. Therefore, the injured persons are immediately injected with tetanus antitoxin for preventing any infection and septic.
(iii) Tetanus antitoxin represents artificial passive immunisation where quick response is generated in the body. -
(a) (i) Thymus
(ii) Lymph nodes.
(b) (i) Thymus
(i) It provides the micro-environment for the maturation of immature T-Iymphocytes to mature into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes.
(ii) Lymph nodes
They trap the microbes or other antigens that have got into the lymph or tissue fluid; the trapped antigens activate the lymphocytes present there to develop an immune response. -
(a) Macrophage.
(b) RNA (Ribonucleic acid).
(c) Reverse transcriptase. -
(a) Morphine and heroin.
(b) (i) Morphine is used as a sedative and painkiller.
(ii) Heroin is a depressant and slows down body functions. -
(a) It is morphine.
(b) Papaver somniferum is its source plant.
(c) Its receptors are present in the
(i) cenqal nervous system.
(ii) gastrointestinal tract. -
(a) It is consumed by
(i) inhalation and
(ii) oral ingestion.
(b) Marijuana, Hashish, Ganja, Charas. -
(a) Cannabinoids and cocaine/coca alkaloids.
(b) (i) Cannabinoids are obtained from Cannabis sativa.
(ii) Cocaine is obtained from Erythroxylum coca.
(c) Atropa bel/adona and Datura show hallucinogenic properties. -
Smoking must be avoided as it causes the following ill-effects:
(i) Tobacco contains a number of harmfu I chemicals, of which nicotine is an alkaloid, a stimulant and a poison.
(ii) Nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline, both of which increase the blood pressure and the heart rate.
(iii) It leads to cancer of throat, lungs and urinary bladder.
(iv) Smoking also causes respiratory disorders like bronchitis and emphysema.
(v) It causes oxygen deficiency in the body by increasing the carbon monoxide content in the blood and reducing the concentration of haembound oxygen.
(vi) It causes gastric ulcers and increased risk of coronary heart diseases. -
(i) (b) : Riya is suffering from polio that is caused by an Enterovirus, called Poliovirus.
(ii) (a)
(iii) (c) : Polio virus enters the body via alimentary canal (faecal oral route)
(iv) (a): Riya has contracted polio which is transmitted through faecal oral route, as urine and faeces of the patient contain polio virus.
(v) (b) -
(i) (b) : X is a communicable disease that is transmitted through vectors. It could be malaria, chikungunya, etc. Y is communicable disease that is transmitted through droplet infection. It could be rhinitis, diphtheria, pertussis, etc.
W is a non-communicable disease like diabetes that is caused by deficiency of insulin hormone. Z is a non-communicable degenerative disease like Alzheimer's disease.
(ii) (c) : Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma. Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. In myocardial infarction a large portion of heart muscle is deprived of blood due to coronary thrombosis and patient develops heart attack.
(iii) (b)
(iv) (a) : Leprosy is a bacterial infection that spreads through prolonged contact with the infected person. Whooping cough spreads through droplet infection. Botulism spreads through faecal oral route.
(v) (b) -
(i) (c) : Ravi must have suffered from a noncommunicable disease which cannot be spread from one person to another. Anaemia is caused by deficiency of iron and. lead to general weakness and associated problems. It can be corrected by proper diet and dietary supplements. Down's syndrome is also a non-communicable disease but it is not cured completely. It is a genetic disorder and is congenital.
(ii) (d) : Non-communicable diseases are noncontagious.
(iii) (d)
(iv) (c)
(v) (d) : Diabetes mellitus is a non communicable disease that has no cure. It is caused by deficiency of insulin hormone. -
(i) (c) : Blood sugar level fluctuations in person X indicate that sugar level never exceed the normal limit and sufficient secretion of insulin at required times removes any extra sugar from blood and converts it into glycogen for future use. This implies that person X is normal and healthy.
(ii) (a) : Elevated blood sugar levels in person Y indicate that he is suffering from diabetes mellitus.
(iii) (d):
(iv) (d):
(v) (d) : Type I diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile diabetes is an autoimmune disorder caused by failure of beta cells to produce adequate amount of insulin. Type II diabetes or non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus involves failure of insulin to facilitate the movement of glucose into body cells.
