'Planning is done for achieving the organisational goals'.

Do you agree? Give one reason in support of your answer.

1

(a)

Yes, planning involves setting of objectives and determining the most economical and viable alternative to achieve the goals.

'Planning always leads to success'. Do you agree? Give reason in support of your answer.

1

(a)

No, planning does not guarantee success as sometimes the managers may fail to predict the future.Thus, it may lead to failure.

How is planning a pervasive function? State.

1

(a)

Planning is required at all levels as well as in all departments. It is not a function restricted to top level only.Thus, it can be said that planning is pervasive.

'The directors of XYZ Ltd are of the opinion that all decisions and plans are to be framed by them, and therefore, no planning is required at lower levels of management'. Refute this statement.

1

(a)

Planning is required at all levels as well as in all departments. It is not a function restricted to top level only.Thus, it can be said that planning is pervasive.

List any two characteristics of planning.

1

(a)

Two characteristics of planning are:

(i) planning is goal oriented.

(ii) Planning involves choice and decision-making.

What is meant by ‘Pervasiveness of planning’?

1

(a)

Planning is all pervasive. It implies that planning is required at all levels of management as well as in all departments of the organisation.

Planning requires logical and systematic thinking rather than guen work. Which feature of planning is highlighted here?

1

(a)

Planning is a mental exercise.

What is the focus of planning?

2

(a)

Forecasting of the events.

How does planning reduce the risks of uncertainty?

2

(a)

By deciding in advanced the tasks to be performed planning shows the way to deal with change and uncertain events. Thus, the manager can identify potential dangers and take steps to overcome them.

‘Planning provides directions’. State two benefits derived from it.

2

(a)

(i) When goals are clearly defined, employees are aware of what the objectives are and what they must do to achieve them.
(ii) Departments and individuals are able to work in co-ordination.

Name three types of plan.

2

(a)

‘Planning in mental preposition to do things!’ Who thinks so?

3

(a)

Why is planning regarded as pervasive function of management?

3

(a)

How does planning restrict creativity?

3

(a)

Explain rule as a type of plan?

3

(a)

Explain how planning is futuristics.

3

(a)

Explain how planning facilitates decision-making?

4

(a)

Planning involves choice. Explain.

4

(a)

Explain briefly any six points which highlighted the importance of planning.

4

(a)

Planning is looking ahead and controlling is looking back. Explain.

4

(a)

Define planning. State any four points of importance of planning.

4

(a)