(a)With the help of diagrams show the different steps in the formation of recombinant DNA by action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI.
(b)Name the technique that is used for separating the fragments of DNA cut by restriction endonucleases.

Draw a labelled diagram of a simple stirred-tank bioreactor and describe its functionating.

What is a bioreactor? Draw a labelled diagram of a sparged stirred-tank-bioreactor. Explain its functionating.

Describe briefly the bioreactors.

How do bioreactors help in production of recombinant proteins?

Suresh thought of straight export of orchids as these flowers fetch high price in international market due to their beauty and longer vase life. He consulted his Botanist uncle who suggested him a fast method of propagation of orchids to earn good profits.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is plant tissue culture ?
(ii) What is micropropagation ?
(iii) What value is displayed by Suresh's uncle ?

Following figure shows one of the artificial plasmids constructed to act as a vector.

(i) With reference to above figure explain the importance of the plasmids having a single target site for a particular restriction enzyme, such as Bam HI.
(ii) The genes for ampicillin resistance and tetracycline resistance on the plasmid allow the genetic engineer to distinguish between bacteria that have taken up different circuits of DNA.
Complete the table to shoe whether bacteria which have taken up each of the different circuits of DNA are resistance to ampicillin, to tetracycline or to both. Show presence of resistance with a tick (\(\surd \)) and absence of resistance with a cross(\(\times \)).
(iii) (a) Explain why genes for antibiotic resistance are now rarely used as markers in gene technology.
(b) Describe the use of one alternative marker gene that can be used instead of an antibiotic resistance gene..

What is genetic engineering? List the steps involved in rDNA technology.

Explain briefly Chitinase 

(a) Describe the different steps in one complete cycle fPCR.
(b) State the purpose of such an amplified DNA sequence.

Diagrammatically explain the steps of rDNA technology.

Mohan's wife is pregnant for the last four months. He took his wife to gynacologist for routine check up. After check up the doctor suggested his wife to undergo amniocentasis test in order to know the genetic disorder, if any in the foetus. After performing amniocentasis test the doctor advised for PCR test so as to confirm the presence of genetic defect in the foetus. After coming back home Mohan's wife discussed this matter with her mother in law, who denied her to undergo, such tests and told that two much such tests may harm the baby.
Answer the following questions on the basis of above informations.
(i)What is amniocentasis?
(ii) What do you understand by PCR. Explain briefly its uses.
(iii) Do you think that Mohan's mother is justified in her behaviour?