Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Propanoyl chloride and Propanoic acid
(ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

A compound 'A' with molecular formula C₅H₁₀O gave positive 2, 4-DNP test but a negative Tollen's reagent test.  It was oxdised to carboxylic acid 'B' with molecular formula C₃H₆O₂ when treated with alkaline KMnO₄ under vigorous condition.  Sodium salt of 'B' gave a hydrocarbon 'C' on Kolbe's electrolytic reduction.  Identify A, B and C and write the chemical equations for the reaction.

Show how each of following compounds could be converted to benzoic acid.
(a) Ethylbenzene
(b) Acetophenone
(c) Bromobenzene
(d) Phenylethene (Styrene)

Write chemical reactions to effect the following transformations :
(i) Butan-1-ol to butanoic acid
(ii) Benzyl alcohol to phenylethanoic acid
(iii) 3-Nitrobromobenzene to 3-nitrobenzoic acid
(iv) 4-Methylacetophenone to benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid
(v) Cyclohexene to hexane-1, 6-dioic acid   
(vi) Butanal to butanoic acid

Arrange the compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions : Eththanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone.

What product will be formed on reaction of propanal with 2-methylpropanal in the presence of NaOH?  What products will be formed?  Write the name of the reaction also.

Compound 'A' was prepared by oxidation 'B' with alkaline KMnO₄.  Compound 'A' on reduction with lithium aluminium hydride gets converted back to compound 'B'.  When compound 'A' is heated with compound B in the presence of H ₂SO₄ it produces fruitly smell of compound C to which family the compounds 'A', 'B' and 'C' belong to?

Arrange the following in decreasing order of their acidic strength. Give explanation for the arrangement.
C₆H₅COOH, FCH₂COOH, NO₂CH₂COOH.