'The chiefs did not collect regular taxes'. Why?

3

(a)

How is silk made?

3

(a)

Explain the term 'Muvendar'.

3

(a)

What kind of account was left by pilgrims?

3

(a)

Explain the term 'Hindu'.

3

(a)

Which means were adopted by the traders to transport goods from one place to another?

3

(a)

Who were Satavahanas?

3

(a)

Why did wearing silk become a fashion amongst the people of Rome?

3

(a)

Explain the technique of making silk.

3

(a)

Why did kings want to control the Silk Route? How did traders benefit out of it?

3

(a)

What were the features of the ruling period of the Kushanas?

3

(a)

State the features of Mahayana Buddhism.

3

(a)

Name the places where Theravade Buddhism had a strong hold.

3

(a)

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Bhakti comes from the Sanskrit term 'bhaj', meaning 'to divide or share: This suggests an intimate, two-way relationship between the deity and devotee. Bhakti is directed towards Bhagavat, which is often translated as God, but also means one who possesses and shares 'bhaga', literally 'good fortune' or 'bliss'. The devotee, known as the bhakta or the bhagavata, shares his or her chosen deity's bhaga.
(i) What do you mean by the term 'Bhakti'?
(ii) Who is Bhagavat?
(iii) What kind of a relationship does a devotee share with his deity?
(iv) How is a devotee related to his chosen deity?

3

(a)

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Xuan Zang, and other pilgrims spent time studying in Nalanda (Bihar), the most famous Buddhist monastery of the period. This is how he describes it:
The teachers are men of the highest ability and talent. They follow the teachings of Buddha in all sincerity. The rules of the monastery are strict and everyone has to follow them. Discussions are held throughout the day, and the old and the young mutually help one another. Learned men from different cities come here to settle their doubts. The gatekeeper asks new entrants difficult questions. They are allowed to enter only after they have been able to answer these. Seven or eight out of every ten are not able to answer."
(i) Name one foreign travellers who visited the Buddhist monastery at Nalanda.
(ii) Was it easy to enter the Buddhist monastery at Nalanda?
(iii) Who were taught in this monastery?

3

(a)