Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?

3

(a)

Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?

3

(a)

Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?

3

(a)

Define the term 'vernacular'. Why did the British use this term in colonial countries like India?

3

(a)

What were differences between Tagore's idea of education with Mahatma Gandhi's idea?

3

(a)

What were Tagore's experiences as a student?

3

(a)

When was English Education Act introduced and what were its features?

3

(a)

Mention the two schools of thought which wanted to introduce education in India?

3

(a)

Who was William Adam? What work .was assigned to him by the Company?

3

(a)

What steps were taken by the Company to improve the system of vernacular education after 1854?

3

(a)

What were the views of the people who criticized the Orientalists?

3

(a)

What was the controversy between Orientalists and Anglicists scholars?

3

(a)

Give the three remarks given by Adam in his report on vernacular education in India.

3

(a)

What were the responsibilities given to pandits?

3

(a)

Read the source given and answer the questions given below:
Emphasising the need to teach English, Macaulay declared:
All parties seem to be agreed on one point, that the dialects commonly spoken among the natives ... of India, contain neither literary nor scientific information, and are, moreover, so poor and rude that, until they are enriched from some other quarter, it will not be easy to translate any valuable work into them ...
(i) Why did the British officials criticise the Indian learning?
ii) What did the Act of 1835 aim at?

3

(a)