Nomadic pastoralists are people who

1

(a)

live in one place

(b)

move from one area to another

(c)

move from one place to another with their to earn a living

(d)

Gonds, Dhurwas, and Bhatros are some nomadic pastoralists of India

The Gujjar Bakarwals of .......... are great herders of goat and sheep.

1

(a)

Punjab 

(b)

Assam

(c)

Jammu and Kashmir

(d)

Andhra Pradesh

Bhabar

1

(a)

Thick forests

(b)

Semi-arid region

(c)

Dry forested area

(d)

Vast meadows

Bugyals are

1

(a)

dry forested area below the foothills of Garhwal and Kumaun

(b)

vast meadows in high mountains

(c)

semi-arid region in the Central Plateau of Maharashtra

(d)

swampy wet coastal tracts

Dhangars are pastoralists of

1

(a)

Jammu and Kashmir

(b)

Garhwal

(c)

U.P hills

(d)

Maharashtra

Which of the following animals are reared by the Kurumas and Kurubas?

1

(a)

Camels and buffaloes

(b)

Goats and camels

(c)

Sheep and buffaloes

(d)

Sheep and goats

Genealogists

1

(a)

Recount history of a family

(b)

Recount history of a community

(c)

Predict the future

(d)

Train camels

Which of the following Acts was passed in 1871?

1

(a)

Criminal Tribes Act

(b)

Forest Act

(c)

Wastelands rule

(d)

Grazing Act

Decline in pastures led to

1

(a)

shortage of forage for animals

(b)

deterioration of animal stock

(c)

underfed cattle died in large numbers during scarcities and famines

(d)

All the above

Samburu National Park is in

1

(a)

Kenya

(b)

Tanzania

(c)

South Africa

(d)

Egypt

Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?

3

(a)

Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.

3

(a)

Mention one significant feature of livelihood practices of the nomadic pastoralists.

3

(a)

What is the pattern of migration of the Gujjar herders?

3

(a)

What is Kafila?

2

(a)

Who are Gaddins?

2

(a)

Who are Raikas?

2

(a)

Name of the pastoral communities of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. What was their occupation?

2

(a)

How have the Raikas of Rajasthan coped with the change posed by the partition of the country?

4

(a)

When was the Criminal Tribes Act passed?

4

(a)

Give any two reasons for serious shortage of pastures.

4

(a)

1. What factors had to be kept in mind by the pastoralists in order to survive?

   4

   (a)

2. Why did the British clear forests and expand cultivation? Explain any three reasons.

   4

   (a)

1. Do you think all the grazing lands or forests should be transformed into cultivable farms? Justify your answer.

   4

   (a)

2. Why did the Maasai face the problem of continuous loss of their grazing lands under the colonial rule? Give reasons?

   4

   (a)

1. In Maasai land and elsewhere in Africa not all pastoralists were equally affected by changes in the colonial period. Explain by giving examples.

   5

   (a)

2. Name any four states/regions in India where pastoral nomadism is practiced.

   5

   (a)

1. Why do you think pastoral groups often live on the edges of forests?

   5

   (a)

2. Write a petition to the local collector explaining why the Act is unjust and how it will affect your life.

   5

   (a)