How does Penicillium reproduce asexually?

1

(a)

Penicillium reproduces asexually by forming conidia.

(i) Given below is a T.S. of an apple. Identify a, b and c.
(ii) Why is an apple categorised as a false fruit?

1

(a)

(i)
(a) Thalaus
(b) Seed
(c) Endoscope
(ii) Apple is considered a false fruit because thalamus also contributes to the formation of fruit other than its ovary.

What is mesovarium?

1

(a)

Mesovarium comprises of peritoneum that holds the ovary close to the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity.

How many linkage  groups are found in man?

1

(a)

23

Name the cellular factory responsible for synthesis of proteins.

1

(a)

Ribosome

Which type or natural selection is the industrial melanism observed in moth, Biston betularia?

1

(a)

It is directional type.

Indiscriminate diagnostic practices using X - rays, etc., should be avoided. Give one reason.

1

(a)

Indiscriminate diagnostic practices using X - rays should be avoided because there are several potential risks from exposure to ionising radiations, such as cancer can be developed in later stages of life, tissues can also get affected such as in cataract, hair loss, etc.

What is harvesting?

1

(a)

Capturing of fully grown fishes is called harvesting or fishing.

Mention one commercial use of lipases.

1

(a)

Lipases are used in detergent formulations and are used in removing oily stains from the clothes.

Name the technique that is used to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA, RNA) to obtain desired result.

1

(a)

Genetic EngineeringlBiochemical Engineering Biotechnology.

State the significanceof the process of RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotic organisms. 

1

(a)

RNA interface (RNAi) acts as cellular defense in all eukaryotic organisms.

State the type of interaction that exists between ticks and dogs.

1

(a)

Ecto (Parasitism)

Name the two types of biogeochemical cycles.

1

(a)

Gaseous and sedimentary.

Name the major surface water pollutant from farm run-off and bathroom water.

1

(a)

Phosphorus.

What is pollen allergy? Illustrate with an example.

2

(a)

Why is Cu-T considered a good contraceptive device to space children?

2

(a)

In a cross between two tall pea plants, some of the offspring produced were dwarf.  Show with the help of a Punnet square, how this is possible.

2

(a)

Describe the cell-mediated immunity.

2

(a)

 Define harvesing. List various methods of harvesting of fishes.

2

(a)

Name the water fern that is an excellent bio fertiliser for rice cultivation.What helps the fern to do so?

2

(a)

(a) mention the cause and the body system affected by ADA deficiency in humans.
(b) Name the vector used for transferring ADA-DNA into the recipent cells in humans. Name the recipient cells.

2

(a)

How does population size increase or decrease?

2

(a)

Match the items given in column I with appropriate items (one or more) of column II.          

Column I	Column II
(i) Rich biodiversity	(a) Within community diversity
(ii) Alpha diversity	(b) Diversity of whole geographical region.
(iii) Gamma diversity	(c) Tropical areas
(iv) Endangered species	(d) Dodo
(v) Extinct species	(e) Great Indian bustard
	(f) Coral reefs

2

(a)

In garden pea, smooth seed coat is dominant over wrinkled seed coat.  What will be the expected ratio of phenotypes of the offspring in a cross between:
(i) Heterozygous smooth \(\times\) Heterozygous smooth
(ii) Heterozygous smooth \(\times\) Homozygous wrinkled
(iii) Heterozygous smooth \(\times\) Homozygous smooth.

3

(a)

Briefly, discuss the enzymes and steps involved in repair replication

3

(a)

List a few modern day animals and from internet like to corresponding ancient fossil. Name both.

3

(a)

Bacteriophages are virus infecting bacteria, that are used as vectors because of their high copy number.
Lambda phage is a non-contractile bacteriophage used as vector that follows two life cycle, lysogenic and lytic. Explain, both the life cycles with the help of a diagram

3

(a)

1. What is double fertilization?Describe the process giving significance.Add a note on post-fertilization changes leading to formation of seed.

   5

   (a)

2. Write all you know about Klinefelter's syndrome.

   5

   (a)

1. (a) Describe Hardy - Weinberg Principle.
   (b) List any four factors which affect genetic equilibrium.
   (c) Describe founder effect.

   5

   (a)

2. Mukta visits a dairy farm near her locality to buy milk for her household. While, waiting there for her turn, she noticed that one of the member of the farm was injecting something into the cow before milking. She was very curious and discussed her queries with her friend (a biology expert) 
   (i) What did the injection contain?
   (ii) Why is this injection administered to the cow?
   (iii) State any two methods of herd improvements.
   (iv) What values are shown by Mukta?

   5

   (a)

1. Protein is an important constituent of our food and its deficiency leads to many health problems.A large population of developing countries can not afford pulses.Ramesh learnt that many so he thought of culturing these microorganisms to provide a cheap source of proteins.
   Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
   (i) What are single cell protein (SCP)?
   (ii) Name two microorganisms which provide SCP.
   (iii) Why did Ramesh want to culture microorganisms?

   5

   (a)

2. How can the DNA be cut at specific locations? Explain.

   5

   (a)

1. (i) Draw a simplified model of phosphorous cycle in a terrestrial ecosystem.
   (ii) Describe the role of living organisms in the cycle

   5

   (a)

2. (i) Why is the ozone layer required in the stratosphere?
   How does it get degraded? Explain
   (ii) Why is the ozone depletion a threat to mankind?

   5

   (a)