Find the ratio of \(\frac { \triangle Q }{ \triangle U } \quad and\quad \frac { \triangle Q }{ \triangle W } \) in an isobaric process. The ratio of molar specific heats, \(\frac { C_{ p } }{ { C }_{ v } } =\gamma \) .

1g of water at 100⁰C is converted into steam of the same temperature.If the volume of steam is 1551 cm³, find out the change in internal energy of the water.Latent heat of steam= \(2256\times { 10 }^{ 3 }J/kg\) . Consider atm pressure.

Consider a Carnot cycle operating between T₁ = 500K and T₂ = 300K producing 1KJ of mechanical work per cycle. Find the heat transferred to/by the engine by/to the reservoir.

A refrigerator has to transfer an average of 263J of heat per second from temperature -10⁰C to 25⁰C.Calculate the average power consumed, assuming no energy losses in the process.

Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are connected to each other via a stopcock. A contains a gas at standard temperature and pressure. B is completely evacuated. The entire system is thermally insulated. The stopcock is suddenly opened. Answer the following :
(a) What is the final pressure of the gas in A and B ?
(b) What is the change in internal energy of the gas ?
(c) What is the change in the temperature of the gas ?
(d) Do the intermediate states of the system (before settling to the final equilibrium state) lie on its P-V-T surface ?

State Carnot theorem. The motor in a refrigerator has power output 250 watt. The freezing compartment is at 270 K and outside air at 300 K. Assuming ideal efficiency, what is the amount of heat that can be extracted from the freezing compartment in 10 minutes? What is the shortest time in which 10 kg of water at 273 K can be converted into ice? J = 4.2 x 10³ J kcal^-1.

Explain what is meant by isothermal and adiabatic operations. A cylinder fitted with a movable piston contains hydrogen at a pressure of 3.5 x 10⁵ N-m² and temperature 366 K. Hydrogen expands adiabatically until the pressure in the cylinder falls to 0.7 x 10⁵ N-m^-2. The piston is then fixed and the gas is heated until the temperature becomes 366 K. The pressure in the cylinder is now found to be 1.1 x 10⁵ N-m^-2. Determine the specific heats of hydrogen.
(R = B.3 J mot^-1 K^-1).

A Carnot engine is working between ice point and steam point. It is desired to increase its efficiency by 20% (a) by changing temperature of hot reservoir alone, (b) by changing temperature of colder reservoir only. Calculate the change in temperature in each case.

When a system is taken from state i to state f along the path iaf, it is found that the heat Q absorbed by the system is 50 cal. and work done W by the system is equal to 20 cal. along the path ibf; Q = 36 cal

(i) What is W along the path ibf?
(ii) If W = -13 cal. for the curved return path fi what is Q for this path?
(iii) Take U, = 10 cal, what is U_f?
(iv) If U_b = 22 cal. what are Q for the processes bf and ib?