Trace the life cycle of malarial parasite in the human body,when bitten by an infected female Anopheles.

3

(a)

Give the scientific name of the parasite that causes malignant malaria in humans.At what stage does this parasite enter the human body?Trace its life cycle is human body?

3

(a)

Why are lymph nodes and bone marrow called lymphoid organs? Explain the functions of each of them.

3

(a)

(a) Name the stage of Plasmodium that gains entry into the human body.
(b) Trace the stages of Plasmodium in the body of female Anopheles after its entry.
(c) Explain the cause of periodic recurrence of chill and high fever during malarial attack in humans.

3

(a)

An antibody molecule is represented as H₂ L₂ Explain.

3

(a)

Mention any six factors that are important/necessary to achieve good health.

3

(a)

How can diseases be broadly classified?Differentiate between them.

3

(a)

Name two diseases each,which are transmitted in the following ways:
(i) Through contaminated food and water.
(ii) Through insect vectors.
(iii) Through the air/droplet inhaled.

3

(a)

Enumerate the steps taken by WHO to control AIDS.

3

(a)

What is meant by withdrawal syndrome? What are its characteristic features?

3

(a)

Why Sharing of injection needles between two individuals is not recommended?

3

(a)

Why is tobacco smoking associaed with rise in blood pressure and emphysema (Oxygen deficiency in the body)? Explain

3

(a)