What are biofertilisers? Name the categories of used as biofertilisers with an example for each.How do they function in organic farming?

Ganga has recently been declared the national river. Discuss the implication with respect to pollution of this river.

(a) Discuss about the major programs that the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, has initiated for saving major Indian rivers from pollution.

(a) What would happen if a large amount of untreated sewage is discharged into a river?
(b) In what way anaerobic sludge digestion is important in sewage treatment?

Which type of food would contain lactic acid bacteria? Discuss their useful application.

Protein is an important constituent of our food and its deficiency leads to many health problems.A large population of developing countries can not afford pulses.Ramesh learnt that many so he thought of culturing these microorganisms to provide a cheap source of proteins.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What are single cell protein (SCP)?
(ii) Name two microorganisms which provide SCP.
(iii) Why did Ramesh want to culture microorganisms?

More than 25% of human population is suffering from hunger and malnutrition. Scientists from developed techniques where microbes are grown on industrial scale as a source of good protein which can be grown from wastewater, animal manure and even sewage. Based on the above information answer the following questions.
(i) In what ways would it be helpful to humans?
(ii) What can be the response to such new ventures?
(iii) What values have been manifested in the above case?

Ramesh is a small scale farmer and holds 2.5 acres of land. He would like to increase the yield in his farm. Rahul, a student of MSc. (Agriculture) advised him to go to the agricultural department centre of his locality to get biofertilisers according to the variety of the crop. He also suggested Ramesh to stop the use of chemical fertilisers.
(i) Explain the term biofertilisers.
(ii) Name the biofertiliser that is used mostly in paddy fields.
(iii) What are the values shown by Rahul?

(a)association leads to nitrogen fixation in root nodules.
(b) Describe the steps in the formation of root nodules and name the two plant hormones that promote cell division for nodule formation. Which two physiological processes provide the FAD and ATP required for fixation of atmospheric nitrogen ?

During recent years many disease resistant crops plants have been released and many chemical pesticides have also been used to control the pest and diseases, so as to improve the agricultural yield. But such methods of pest and disease management have led to the development of 'super pests and super weeds' which require more scientific methods to control them
Answer the following questions on the basis of above information:
(i) Should we continue such a practice of pest and disease management?
(ii) What other method should be adopted to keep the pest and diseases at managable level so as to enhance the agricultural yield?
(iii) What value have not been kept in mind in the above case.