Differentiate between diagnostics and therapeutics. Give one example for each category.

3

(a)

Mention any six fields of applications of biotechnology for human welfare.

3

(a)

What are the three critical reaseach areas of biotechnology?

3

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Mention the advantages of recombinant therapeutics. How many of them have been approved world over for human buse and how many are marketed in India?

3

(a)

Enlist with examples the different groups of insects to which the crystal proteins are toxic.

3

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(A) Define cloning.What are its benefits?
(B) Describe transgenics.Write briefly about a transgenic crop that has been introduced in India.

3

(a)

What are genetically modified organisms?

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(i)  A transgenic organism gives milk which has huge quantities of human protein.
(ii) A transgenic fruit acts as edible vaccine which protects children against diarrhoea.
(iii)A transgenic fruit has capability of producing ethylene 10% less as compared to normal slowing down the process of ripening.

3

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Explain how polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is helpful in detecting bacterial and viral diseases when symptoms of the disease are not yet visible? Give two examples.

3

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Described any three potential applications of geneticlly modified plants.

3

(a)

Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing a human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli.

3

(a)

A new type of drug, PTC 124, enables translation to continue through the nonsense codon. Trials in mice homozygous for a CFTR allele containing the nonsense codon have found that animals treated with PTC 124 produce normal CFTER protein in their cells. The drug is taken orally and is readily taken up into cells all over the body.
Using your knowledge of the progress toward successful gene therapy for cystic fibrosis, suggest why PTC 124 could be simpler and more reliable treatment for this disease.

3

(a)

Explain enzyme-replacement therapy to treat adenosine deaminase deficiency. Mention two disadvantages of this procedure.

3

(a)

Why is the 'insertional inactivation' method to detect recombinant DNA preferred to 'antibiotic resistance' procedure?

3

(a)

(a) What is Gene therapy?
(b) Describe the procedure of such a therapy that could be a permanent cure for a disease. Name the disease.

3

(a)