Name and describe the technique that helps in separation and isolation of DNA fragments

3

(a)

Name and explain the technique used in the separation and isolation of DNA fragments to be used in recombinant DNA technology.

3

(a)

Explain the basis on which the gel electrophoresis technique works. Write and two ways the products obtained through this technique can be utilised.

3

(a)

How is the amplification of a gene of interest carried out using polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)?

3

(a)

Explain the process by which a bacterial cell can be made 'competent'. Why is it essential to make bacterial cells 'competent in recombinant' to take up plasmid/rDNA.

3

(a)

Enumerate the process included under Biotechnology.

3

(a)

Describe the naming of the restriction enzymes with an example.

3

(a)

What is the principle of PCR?

3

(a)

Write the major steps involved in gene cloning.

3

(a)

Give an example where a disease causing pathogen of animals has been transformed into useful vector for delevering genes to humans.

3

(a)

How bacterial cells are made competent to take up DNA?

3

(a)

What does Taq represent in Taq polymerase?

3

(a)

(i) Why was a bactenum used m the first instance of the construction of an artificial recombinant DNA molecule.
(ii) Name the scientists who accomplished this and how?

3

(a)

"A very small sample of tissue or even a drop of blood can help determine paternity". Provide a scientific explaination to substantiate the statement.

3

(a)