Write the location of root apical meristem and shoot apical meristem

1

(a)

Root apical meristem - Root Tip
Shoot apical meristem - Topmost regions of stem axis.

Give two examples of lateral meristem in plants.

1

(a)

Fascicular combium and phellogen ( cork cambium).

What is the composition of collenchyma cells ?

1

(a)

It is made of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic substances

Protoxylem is the first formed xylem. if the protoxylem lies next to phloem, what kind of arrangement of xylem would you call it ?

1

(a)

Exarch

What is the epidermal cell modification in plants which prevent water loss?

1

(a)

Cuticularised trichoblasts or epidermal hair which produce a stationary layer of air over the surface that reduces isolation and rate of transportation

What is the function of apical meristems ?

1

(a)

Apical meristems  are responsible for the growth in length of roots and shoot 

What are the cells that make the leaves curl in plants during  water stress?

1

(a)

Bulliform or motor cells.

Name two characteristic bands that are found in endodermis of dicot root.

1

(a)

Casparian strips or carsparian strps or casparian bands.

Name the epidermis which covers both the upper surface and lower surface of the leaf. 

1

(a)

Upper surface is covered by adaxial epidermis
Lower surface is covered by abaxial epidermis

Why the endodermis of a dicot stem is called starch sheath?

1

(a)

The endodermis of a dicot stem is rich in starch grains, so it is called starch sheath .

Distinguish between Collenchyma  and sclerenchyma.

2

(a)

Differentiate between earlywood and latewood?

2

(a)

Describe the cortex region of dicot root?

2

(a)

Mention the features of isobilateral leaves.

2

(a)

Give the functional difference between phellogen and phelloderm.

2

(a)

What are the charecteristic difference found in vascular tissu of gymnosperms and angiosperms?

3

(a)

What  are the plant whold show the folowing ?
(i)Radial vascular bundle
(ii)Ployarch xylem
(iii) well developed pith 

3

(a)

Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem? Give reasons.

3

(a)

List out the differences between intrafascicular cambium and interfascicular cambium.

3

(a)

What is the difference between lenticels and stomata?

3

(a)

What is the difference between lenticels and stomata

5

(a)

Deciduous  plants shed their leaves during hot summer or autumn. This process of shedding of keaves is called abscission .Apart from physiological changes, what anatomical mechanism is involved in the abscission of leaves?

5

(a)

Explain the process of secondary growth in the stems of woody angiosperms. What is its significance?

5

(a)