Concentration of urine depends upon which part of the nephron ______.

If Henle's loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which one of the following is to be expected?

A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have

What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?

The end product of Ornithine cycle is _____.

Identify the wrong match __________

Podocytes are the cells present on the ______.

Glomerular filtrate contains ______.

Kidney stones are produced due to deposition of uric acid and ______.

Animal requiring minimum amount of water to produce urine are ______.

Aldosterone acts at the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct resulting in the absorption of water through _____.

The hormone which helps in the reabsorption of water in kidney tubules is _____.

Malpighian tubules remove excretory products from _____.

Differentiate protonephridia from metanephridia

What is the nitrogenous waste produced by amphibian larvae and by the adult animal?

How is urea formed in the human body?

Differentiate cortical from medullary nephrons

What vessels carry blood to the kidneys? Is this blood arterial or venous?

Which vessels drain filtered blood from the kidneys?

What is tubular secretion? Name the substances secreted through the renal tubules.

Name the three main hormones that are involved in the regulation of the renal function?

What is the effect of aldosterone on kidneys and where is it produced?

Explain the heart’s role in secreting a hormone that regulates renal function? What hormone is this?

Arrange the following structures in the order that a drop of water entering the nephron would encounter them
e. Afferent arteriole
f. Bowman’s capsule
g. Collecting duct
h. Distal tubule
i. Glomerulus
j. Loop of Henle
k. Proximal tubule
l. Renal pelvis

Name the three filtration barriers that solutes must come across as they move from plasma to the lumen of Bowman's capsule. What components of the blood are usually excluded by these layers?

What forces promote glomerular filtration? What forces opposes them? What is meant by net filtration pressure?

In which segment of the nephron most of the re-absorption of substances takes place?

When a molecule or ion is reabsorbed from the lumen of the nephron, where does it go? If a solute is filtered and not reabsorbed from the tubule, where does it go?

Match each of the following substances. with its mode of transportation in proximal tubular reabsorption.

Which segment is the site of secretion and regulated reabsorption of ions and pH homeostasis?

What solute is normally present in the body to estimate GFR in humans?

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is involved in micturation process?

Match the following terms.

If the afferent arteriole of the nephron constricts, what happens to the GFR in that nephron? If the efferent arteriole constricts what happens to the GFR in that nephron? Assume that no auto regulation takes place.

How is the process of micturition altered by toilet training?

With regards to toxicity and the need for dilution in water, how different are ureotelic and uricotelic excretions? Give examples of animals that use these types of excretion.

Identify the following structures and explain their significance in renal physiology?
(a) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
(b) Podocytes
(c) Sphincters in the bladder

Identify the biological term
Excretion, glomerulus, urinary bladder, glomerular filtrate, ureters,urine, Bowman’s capsule, urinary system, reabsorption, micturition, osmosis, proteins.
a. A liquid which gathers in the bladder.
b. Produced when blood is filtered in a Bowman’s capsule.
c. Temporary storage of urine.
d. A ball of inter twined capillaries.
e. Removal of unwanted substances from the body.
f. Each contains a glomerulus.
g. Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
h. Scientific term for urination.
i. Regulation of water and dissolved substances in blood and tissue fluid.
j. Consists of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.
k. Removal of useful substances from glomerular filtrate.
l. What solute the blood contains that are not present in the glomerular filtrate?

How are the kidneys involved in controlling blood volume? How is the volume of blood in the body related to arterial pressure?

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone? Where is it produced and what stimuli increases or decreases its secretion?