(a) Kandla
(b) Marmagao
(c) Kochchi
(d) Kolkata
(e)Chennai

Airways are the fastest, more comfortable and prestigious mode of transport in recent times. They can easily cross over geographical boundaries and vast stretches of seas and oceans. Airways can negotiate difficult terrain like high mountains, dissected terrain, dreary desert and dense forests with great ease, within short period of time. Fast international travel between countries of the world has been possible because of the development of airways. Airways play a vital role during natural and man-made calamities like floods, famines, earthquakes, epidemics and war. They help in rescue operations and provide relief to the people in affected area within a short time. Two merits of airways are:
(a) It is the fastest mode of transportation. Thousands of kilometers are covered within a few hours.
(b) It is the most comfortable mode of transportation.
One demerit of airways is the costliness of transportation because of which it is out of the reach of common people.

Pipelines are used for the transportation of crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas. The merits of pipeline transportation in India are as follows.
(a) Pipelines help in the growth of refineries, petrochemicals, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants by providing raw materials directly from the producing areas to the factories and plants.
(b) Pipelines can take petroleum and natural gas to places far off from the oil and gas fields. They help in the setting up of refineries in far off inland locations to cater to the demands of inland markets. The refineries of Barauni, Mathura and Panipat were possible due to the development of pipelines.
(c) The initial cost of laying the pipelines may be high but subsequent running costs are nominal.
(d) Pipelines transport petroleum and natural gas directly from the producing areas to demand areas. Hence, they rule out  trans-shipment losses and delays.

Five major problems faced by road transport in India are:
Road network is inadequate as volume of traffic and passengers is more.
Many roads are unmetalled which limits their usage.
Roads are congested in cities.
Quality of roads is poor (potholes)
Less roads to connect villages to cities.

Tourism has great importance in the economy and cultural development of India.
(a) It promotes national integration.
(b) It makes us aware of the beauty and rich cultural heritage of our nation.
(c) It promotes inter-regional relationship.
(d) Tourism encourages cultural pursuits and provides support to local handicrafts.
(e) It helps in development of international understanding.
(f) Tourism is considered to be an invincible trade. India's natural beauty, diversity and glorious past attract innumerable visitors to India every year.
(g) Overseas holidayers and travellers have awarded India the fourth rank among the best holiday destinations of the world. Over 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India every year. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, cultural tourism, ecotourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism and business tourism. Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. Foreign tourists arrivals in the country witnessed an increase of 23.5 percent during the year 2004 as against year 2003, thus contributing Rs. 21,828 crores of foreign exchange. The trend is towards increase of foreign tourism and, hence, more foreign exchange earning for the country.
(h) Tourism also plays a major role in employment generation. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry and many more are indirectly connected to it. There is a bright future of the upcoming tourism industry in India. 

Road transportation is economical in transportation of smaller amount of goods and few passengers over short and medium distances. Though they are relatively cheap and easy to construct and maintain, road transportation in India is confronted with a number of problems.
(a) On account of its large population, India has large volumes of traffic and passengers which require a large number of vehicles. But the road network is not adequate to meet the requirement of handling heavy traffic.
(b) As most roads are kuccha or unmetalled, their usage is limited during the rainy season. The potholes on roads form muddy pools in the monsoon season and cause accidents.
(c) There are still more national highways to be built to connect the different parts of the country.
(d) The roads in the cities are highly congested and traffic jams are a constant problem. Most of the bridges and culverts are also old and narrow aggravating the problem.
(e) Roadside amenities like emergency medical facilities, telephone booths etc., are lacking. (f) Police patrolling on the highways in not adequate, so goods and passengers are not safe all the time. 

(i) They are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil fields and natural gas field to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants.
(ii) Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.
(iii) Because of pipelines, refineries at Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and gas based fertilizer Plants, could be located in the interiors of India.
(iv) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal.
(v) Pipelines rules out trans-shipment (during transportation) losses or delays.

(i) They are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil fields and natural gas field to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants.
(ii) Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.
(iii) Because of pipelines, refineries at Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and gas based fertilizer Plants, could be located in the interiors of India.
(iv) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal.
(v) Pipelines rules out trans-shipment (during transportation) losses or delays.

The importance of Indian Railways as a means of transport are described below
(i) Railways are considered as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
(ii) Railways help to conduct various activities, via, business, sightseeing, pilgrimage, transportation of goods over long distances, etc.
(iii) Railways bind the economic life of our country by accelerating the development of the industry and agriculture.
(iv) The Indian Railways have a huge network, connecting almost every corner of our country.
(v) The Indian Railways is the largest public sector, undertaking in the country which is the biggest employer in India.

International tourism is the movement of people outside the country for various reasons like pleasure, medical treatment, business etc.