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Published on: 26/10/2025
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1.
Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly but birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution this means that
reptiles have evolved from birds
there is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds
feathers are homologous structures in both the organisms
birds have evolved from reptiles.
2.
The theory of evolution of species by natural selection was given by
Mendel
Darwin
Morgan
Lamarck
3.
The number of pair (s) of sex chromosomes in the zygote of humans is
one
two
three
four
4.
In peas, a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to short plants in F2 is
1 : 3
3 : 1
1 : 1
2 : 1
5.
Select the statements that describe characteristics of genes
(i) genes are specific sequence of bases in a DNA molecule
(ii) a gene does not code for proteins
(iii) in individuals of a given species, a specific gene located on a particular chromosome
(iv) each chromosome has only one gene.
(i) and (ii)
(i) and (iii)
(i) and (iv)
(ii) and (iv)
6.
The two versions of a trait (character) which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on
copies of the same chromosome
two different chromosomes
sex chromosomes
any chromosome
7.
From the list given below, select the character which can be acquired but not inherited
colour of eye
colour of skin
size of body
nature of hair
8.
Select the correct statement
Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are homologous.
Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are analogous
Wings of birds and limbs of lizards are analogous
Wings of birds and wings of bat are homologous
9.
A basket of vegetables contains carrot, potato, radish and tomato. Which of them represent the correct homologous structures?
Carrot and potato
Carrot and tomato
radish and carrot
radish and potato
10.
Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RRyy) and another with wrinkled yellow (rrYY) seeds produce F1 progeny that have round, yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F1 plants are selfed, the F2 progeny will have new combination of characters. Choose the new combination from the following:
(i) Round, yellow
(ii) Round, green
(iii) Wrinkled, yellow
(iv) Wrinkled, green
(i) and (ii)
(i) and (iv)
(ii) and (iii)
(i) and (iii)
11.
New species may be formed if
(i) DNA undergoes significant changes in germ cells
(ii) chromosome number changes in the gamete
(iii) there is no change in the genetic material
(iv) mating does not take place
(i) and (ii)
(i) and (iii)
(ii), (iii) and (iv)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
12.
Select the incorrect statement
Frequency of certain genes in a population change over several generations resulting in evolution.
Reduction in weight of the organism due to starvation is genetically controlled.
Low weight parents can have heavy weight progeny
Traits which are not inherited over generations do not cause evolution.
13.
A zygote which has an X - chromosome inherited from the father will develop into a
boy
girl
X - chromosome does not determine the sex of a child
either boy or girl
14.
The maleness of a child is determined by
the X chromosome in the zygote
the Y chromosome in zygote
the cytoplasm of germ cell which determines the sex.
sex is determined by chance
15.
In human males all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. This/these unpaired chromosome is/are.
(i) large chromosome
(ii) small chromosome
(iii) Y - chromosome
(iv) X - chromosome
(i) and (ii)
(iii) only
(iii) and (iv)
(ii) and (iv)
16.
If a round, green seeded pea plant (RR yy) is crossed with wrinkled, yellow seeded pea plant, (rr YY) the seeds produced in FI generation are
round and yellow
round and green
wrinkled and green
wrinkled and yellow
17.
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
For every hormone there is a gene
For every protein there is a gene
For production of every enzyme there is a gene.
For every molecule of fat there is a gene.
18.
A cross between a tall plant (TT) and short pea plant (tt) resulted in progeny that were all tall plants because
tallness is the dominant trait
shortness is the dominant trait
tallness is the recessive trait
height of pea plant is not governed by gene 'T' or 't'
19.
Two pink coloured flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny. The nature of the cross will be
double fertilisation
self pollination
cross fertilisation
no fertilisation
20.
Exchange of genetic material takes place in
vegetative reproduction
asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
budding
21.
In evolutionary terms, we have more in common with
A Chinese school-boy.
A chimpanzee
A spider
A bacterium
22.
An example of homologous organs is
Our arm and a dog's fore-leg
Our teeth and an elephant's tusks.
Potato and runners of grass.
all of the above
23.
A mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. The progeny all bore violet flowers, but almost half of them were short. This suggests that the genetic make-up of the tall parent can be depicted as
TTWW
TTww
TtWW
TtWw
24.
Do you agree with the statement: " Only variation that confer and advantage to an individual organism will survive in population.".
25.
Name two organisms in which sex determination is regulated by environmental factors.
26.
What is the percentage possibility a couple of having daughters?
27.
Why males are called heterogametic?
28.
Mention any two recessive traits of garden pea.
29.
If the sperm bearing Y - Chromosome fertilizes an egg, the child born will not be entirely like his father? Why?
30.
What happened when Mendel crossed two traits of a character in a pea plant?
31.
What is heredity?
32.
Give the respective scientific terms used for studying :
(i) The mechanism by which variations are created and inherited.
(ii) The development of new type of organisms from the existing ones.
33.
Can geographical isolation lead to speciation? How?
34.
(a) In question 8, what are the combinations of character in the F2 progeny?
(b) What are their ratios?
35.
Evolution has exhibited a greater stability of molecular structure when compared with morphological structures. Comment on the statement and justify your opinion.
36.
Give reasons why acquired characters are not inherited.
37.
Bacteria have a simpler body plan when compared with human beings. Does it mean that human beings are more evolved than bacteria? Provide a suitable explanation.
38.
What is meant by speciation? List four factors which could lead to speciation. Which of these cannot be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species. Give reason to justify your answer.
1.
(d)
birds have evolved from reptiles.
2.
(b)
Darwin
3.
(a)
one
4.
(c)
1 : 1
5.
(b)
(i) and (iii)
6.
(a)
copies of the same chromosome
7.
(c)
size of body
8.
(a)
Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are homologous.
9.
(c)
radish and carrot
10.
(b)
(i) and (iv)
11.
(a)
(i) and (ii)
12.
(b)
Reduction in weight of the organism due to starvation is genetically controlled.
13.
(b)
girl
14.
(b)
the Y chromosome in zygote
15.
(c)
(iii) and (iv)
16.
(a)
round and yellow
17.
(d)
For every molecule of fat there is a gene.
18.
(a)
tallness is the dominant trait
19.
(b)
self pollination
20.
(c)
sexual reproduction
21.
(a)
A Chinese school-boy.
22.
(d)
all of the above
23.
(c)
TtWW
24.
Yes
25.
Turtle, lizard
26.
50%
27.
The male has both X and Y chromosomes, so they are heterogametic.
28.
Dwarf plant and wrinkled seeds
29.
This is because, the X - chromosome will also have its effect and show their characteristics.
30.
Only dominant trait appeared in F1 generation.
31.
It is the process of transmission of characters from the parents to their offspring.
32.
(i) Reproduction
(ii) Speciation
33.
Yes, geographical isolation can lead to speciation. Due to geographical isolation, the members of two sub groups may not be able to interbreed as a result of genetic drift. Natural selection also operates differently in these subgroups. This leads to speciation.
34.
(a) Round yellow - RRYY,
Round green - Rryy,
Wrinkled yellow - rr YY and
Wrinkled green - rryy
(b) Occur in the ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 respectively.
35.
We know that there is various diversity in size, form, structure and morphological features in the living world, at the molecular level these diverse types of organisms show similarity.
36.
Only those changes in the DNA or germ cells will be passed on to the progeny resulting in the variations in them. Since acquired characters do not produce any change in the DNA of germ cells, they cannot be inherited.
37.
If complex appearance is parallel with evolution, then humans are more complex than bacteria. But when we take it as total life characteristics, then it is difficult to identify.
38.
The process by which new species develop from the existing species is known as speciation.
Factors leading to speciation:
(i)Geographical isolation of a population caused by various types of barriers like mountain ranges, rivers, sea etc. The geographical isolation leads to reproductive solation due to which there is no flow of genes between separated groups of population.
(ii)Genetic drift caused by drastic changes in the frequencies of particular genes by chance alone.
(iii)Variations caused in individuals due to natural selection.
(iv)Drastic change in the genes or DNA called mutation is also a cause of speciation. Reproductive isolation cannot be major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating
plant species. This is because, it does not depend on any other plant for its reproduction process.
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