Four means of communication are:
(a) Personal communications like postal network and telecom network.
(b) Mass communication like Press (newspapers) and Media (TV, Radio, Film)

The three National Waterways in India are as follows.
(a) The Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km)-National Waterway No.1
(b) The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km)-National Waterway No.2
(c) The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapuram-Komman, Udyogamandal and Champakkara Canals - 205 km)- National Waterway No.3

(a) Mangoes - Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh
(b) Oranges - Nagpur, Maghalaya
(c) Apples - Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh
(d) Bananas - Kerela, Mizoram.

(a) Maize is a coarse grain and used as both food and folder.
(b) It is grown under varied soil and climatic conditions.
(c) It grows well in areas of 50 to 100cm o rain and in areas of less rain it is grown under irrigation.
(d) It grows well under temperature between \({ 21 }^{ \circ }C\ and\ { 27 }^{ \circ }C\)grows well in old alluvial soil.
(e) It requires well-drained fertile soil.
(f) It is cultivated mainly as a kharif crop.
(g) Major maize producing states are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh.

(i) Tea is one of the important beverage crops. Geographical conditions required for tea cultivation are
(a) Tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climate with warm and moist frost free condition, throughout the year.
(b) It requires deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
(c) Frequent showers evenly distributed over the years are necessary condition for the growth of tender leaves.
(ii) Rice is the staple crop of India. It is grown in the areas of heavy rainfall. For example, the North and North-Eastern parts and coastal areas and deltaic regions.
With the help of irrigation rice is also grown in areas of less rainfall. For e.g. Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.
In states like Assam, West Bengal and Odisha, three crops of paddy (rice) are grown in a year.
(iii) The following institutional programmes have been introduced by the government in the interest of the farmers
The government has established the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), agricultural universities and animal breeding centres. These have been set up to carry out research and development activities in agriculture.
The government is also investing in rural infrastructure to link the rural market with the international market.
The Kisan Credit Card (KCC), personal and crop insurance schemes, etc have been launched.
A comprehensive Land Development Programme (LDP) has also been launched.

Credit at reasonable rates should be available for all so that the poor people can benefit from the cheaper loan rates.

The various differences between formal and informal sources of credit are shown in the following table:
Formal Sources of Credit
1. They cover those sources of credit which are registered by the Government and have to follow its rules and regulations e.g. Banks, Cooperatives.
2. The RBI supervises the functioning of formal sources of credit.
3. Apart from profit-making, they have also an objective of social welfare.
4. The rate of interest charged by formal sources is always much lower than that of informal sources.
5. The terms of credit are also fair and reasonable.
Informal Sources of Credit
1. They include those small and scattered units which are outside the control of the Government e.g. individual moneylenders, traders, employers, etc.
2. There is no organizational supervision or adherence to rules and regulations in the credit extending activities in this sector.
3. Their only motive is to extract profit as much as possible.
4. They charge random and much higher interests in comparison to formal sectors.
5. They impose very tough and sometimes even, unreasonable terms of credit on the borrower.

The diferences between formal sources and informal sources of credit are

(i) It linked with the country with the rest of the world.
(ii) Roadways, railways, newspaper, internet etc have been contributing to socio-economic progress in many in many ways.
(iii) Trades from local to international levels have boosted the economy.
(iv) It enriched life with many amenities that comforts life.

Aus, Aman and Boro are the three crops od paddy grown in a year.

Intensive subsistence farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land. It is labour intensive farming, high doses of bio-chemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.

HYV seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, irrigation, modern technology.

Jute is called the 'Golden Fibre of India' as it brings a lot of foreign exchange to India through exports and raw jute has a golden yellow colour.

Horticulture refers to specialized cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers on a large scale. India grows many tropical fruits like mangoes and temperate fruits like apples. These are exported and bring lot of foreign exchange.

Four plantation crops of India are tea, coffee, rubber, sugar cane.

It is that money which serves as money on basis of fiat or order of government.

Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns and uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid. Collaterals can be land, building, vehicle, stocks, cattle, bank deposits etc.

The interest rate, collateral, documentation requirement and the mode of payment are the various factors which together comprise the "Terms of Credit".

It is the system in which one type of goods or service is directly exchanged for another type of goods or service without the use of money.

When two parties agree to sell and buy each other's commodities, this situation is known as double coincidence of wants.

To reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.

National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).

Kolkata

These roads are in the northern and northeastern border areas.

These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.

Super highways are six lane highways connecting major cities and ports of the country for speedy movement of goods and passengers.