1 Contour farming.
2 Terrace farming.
3 Soil-conservation farming.
4 Cover crops/Crop rotation.

(a) Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
(b) Accumulation of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two segments as haves and have notes or rich and poor.
(c) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.

It held at Rio de Janerio in Brazil.
It is the first ever International Earth Summit.
It is United Nations Conference on Environment and Development [UNCED].
The Summit was aimed at the urgent problems of environmental protection and socioeconomic development at the global level.
The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention recognised 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.

(i) The local government structures goes right up to the district level.
(ii) A few gram panchayats are grouped together to form what is usually called a panchayat samiti or block or mandal.
(iii) The members of this representative body are elected by all panchayat members in that area. All the panchayat samitis or mandals in a district together constitute the zilla parished.
(iv) Most members of the zilla parishad are elected.
(v) Members of the Lok Sabha and MLAs of that district and some other officials of other district level bodies are also its members.
(vi) Zilla parishad chair person is the political head of the zilla parishad.
(vii) Local government bodies exist for urban areas as well
(viii) Municipalities are set up in towns.
(ix) Big cities are constituted into municipal corporations.
(x) Municipal chairperson is the political head of the municipality.
(xi) In a Municipal corporation such an officer is called the Mayor.

(i) After 1990. there of coalition governments started at the centre.
(ii) Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the major national parties had to enter into an alliance with many parties including several regional parties had to form a government at the centre.
(iii) This led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for the autonomy of state Governments.
(iv) This trend was supported by a major judgement of the Supreme Court
(v) In a coalition government the partners form a political alliance and adopt a common programme.

No, the measure taken by the Mayor of Merchtem is not in keeping with the spirit of Belgium's power sharing arrangements.
As 59% of the population in the Flemish region speak Dutch language, the ban on speaking French in the town's schools would prevent French and Dutch speakers to mix with each other. It would also create feelings of distrust and suspicion. The ban ignores regional differences and cultural diversities.
It is against the spirit of accommodating every linguistic group and creating the right environment for everyone to live. In fact, it makes the ground for a civic strife and a possible division of the community on linguistic lines

We agree with Ouseph because every society needs power sharing, even if it is small or does not have social divisions. A democratic system of government ensures that the citizens acquire a stake in the system by active participation. It prevents conflict between different groups in society while promoting belongingness. It helps to maintain a balance of power among various institutions and helps check how this power is exercised.
People will be more satisfied when they have a say in the functioning and decision-making process in the system. Power sharing is an essential element of a democratic form of Government.

Renewable Resources
1. These Resources are those which once mined and used can be regenerated.
2. These Resources which may be obtained continuously.
3. Example: Land, water plants etc.
Non Renewable Resources
1. These Resources are those which once mined and used cannot be regenerated
2. All mineral Resources are limited.
3. Examples:

(i) In 1992, the Indian Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective.
(ii) It is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections for local government bodies.
(iii) Seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
(iv) At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
(v) The State Election Commission of every state conducts panchayat and municipal elections.
(vi) The state governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies.
(vii) The nature of sharing varies from state to state.

(i) The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (Central Government) and the State governments.
(ii) A third tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities.
(iii) These different tiers enjoy separate jurisdiction.
(iv) The Constitution provided a threefold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.
(v) Thus, it contains three lists.
(a) Union List
It includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency. These are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these matters throughout the country. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
(b) State List
It contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List.
(c) Concurrent List
It includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Government as well as the State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession.
Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned in this list. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail. 

Horizontal Distribution of Power:
(a) Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(b) It allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
(c) Each organ checks the others.
Vertical Distribution of Power:
(a) Power can be shared among governments at different levels - a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level.
(b) The governments at the provincial or regional level are called by different names in different countries.
(c) The division of powers involves higher and lower leads of government.

There are two main reasons for power sharing:
(a) Prudential Reason: A prudential reason for power sharing is that it leads to an avoidance of conflict between social groups.  Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.  In India, seats have been reserved in legislatures for the socially weaker sections keeping in mind this prudential reason for power sharing.
(b) Moral Reason: A moral reason for power sharing is that it upholds the spirit of democracy. In a truly democratic setup, the citizens too have a stake in governance.  In India, the citizens can come together to debate and criticise the policies and decisions of the government.  This in turn, puts pressure on the policies and decisions of the government.  This in turn, puts pressure on the government to rethink its policies and reconsider its decisions.  This active political participation is in keeping with the moral reason for power sharing.