Franklin Roosevelt in his "Good Neighbour" policy agreed that the US would not intervene in the internal affairs of any state, and would give economic and technical assistance to Latin America.

Apartheid, which means separateness, became the racial policy of the Nationalist Party in 1947.

The discovery of gold in Transvaal, in 1886, led to large numbers of British miners settling in and around Johannesburg.

Gold Standard is a monetary system where a country's currency or paper money carried a value directly linked to gold.

The defensive measures adopted by various nations to safeguard its economic interests led to an unprecedented decline in world economic activity. As its effect was deep and prolonged economists and historians call it the Great Depression.

(i) Smuts believed that a coalition government was required to solve the country's economic problems.
(ii) Therefore the South Africa party and the National party united in 1934 to form the United South Africa's National Party or United Party for short.
(iii) In spite of misunderstandings and disagreements, the smuts - Herzog alliance lasted until 1939.

a) The 'Great Depression' dealt a death blow to Indian agriculture and the indigenous manufacturing sector.
b) The value of farm produce, declined by half. But the land rent to be paid by the peasant remained unchanged. In terms of prices of agricultural commodities, the obligation of the farmers to the state doubled.
c) The great fall in prices prompted Indian nationalists to demand protection for the internal economy.

a) In October 1922 in the context of a long ministerial crisis, Mussolini organised the Fascist March on Rome.
b) Impressed by the show of force, the King invited Mussolini to form a government.

a) The Great Depression of 1929 had a disastrous impact on British trade and business.
b) Britain transmitted the effects of Depression to its colonies.
c) Bilateral trade treaties between Britain and the Member States of the British Empire were signed at an economic summit in Ottawa in 1932, in which the participants (including India) agreed to give preference to imperial (British) over non-imperial goods.

a) In 1929 the Vietnamese soldiers mutinied, and there was a failed attempt to assassinate the French Governor-General.
b) This was followed by a large scale peasant revolt led by the Communists.
c) The revolt was crushed and thousands of rebels were killed. This incident is known as the 'White Terror'.