'Magna Carta' is the Charter of Rights issued by King John of England in 1215 under pressure from the barons. This is the first written document relating to the Fundamental Rights of citizens.

The word 'Citizen' is derived from the Latin term 'Civis' It means resident of a City State.

i) Under Article 352, the President can declare emergency if he is satisfied that India's security is threatened due to war, external aggression or armed rebellion or if there is an imminent danger or threat.
ii) When a national emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression it is known as external emergency.
iii) When it is declared on the ground of armed rebellion it is known as internal emergency.

i) Six languages are granted the classical language status.
ii) They are Tamil, Sanskrit, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Odia.

i) A writ is an order or command issued by a court in writing under its seal.
ii) It is in the nature of a command or prohibition from performing certain acts that are specified in the orders of the court.
iii) Both the Supreme Court and the High Courts are empowered to issue five kinds of writs.
iv) They are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto.

i) The word 'citizen' is derived from the Latin terms 'civis'.
ii) It means resident of a City State.
iii) The Constitution of India provides for a single and uniform citizenship for the whole of India.
iv) Articles 5 to 11 under part II of the Constitution deals with the citizenship.

i) The Constitution is the fundamental law of a country which reflects the fundamental principles on which the government of that country is based
ii) It is the vehicle of a Nation's progress.
iii) The concept of Constitution first originated in USA

There are six Fundamental Rights. They are
i) Right to Equality
ii) Right to Freedom
iii) Right against Exploitation
iv) Right to Religion
v) Cultural & Educational Rights
vi) Right to Constitutional Remedies
Right to Equality
i) Article 14 : Equality before law
ii) Article 15 : Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
iii) Article 16 : Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
iv) Article 17 : Abolition of untouchability.
v) Article 18 : Abolition of titles except military and academic.
Right to freedom
i) Article 19 : Freedom of speech and expression assembly association, movement, residence and profession.
ii) Article 20 : Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
iii) Article 21 : Protection of life and personal liberty.
iv) Article 21A : Right to elementary education.
v) Article 22 : Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
Right against exploitation
i) Article 23 : Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
ii) Article 24 : Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Rights to Religion
i) Aticle 25 : Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
ii) Article 26 : Freedom to manage religious affairs.
iii) Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any religion.
iv) Aricle 28 : Freedom from attending religious instruction or worship in certain educational insitutions.
cultural & Educational Rights
i) Article 29 : Protection of language, script and culture of minorities.
ii) Article 30 : Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
Right to Constitutional remedies
iii) Article 32: It allows individuals to seek redressal for the violation of their fundamental rights.