GEO - India - Population, Transport, Communication and Trade

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Questions:

Multiple Choice Question

5 x 1 = 5

The major import item of India is

(a)

Cement

(b)

Jewells

(c)

Tea

(d)

Petroleum

Which of the following is associated with helicopter service?

(a)

Air India

(b)

Indian Airlines

(c)

Vayudoot

(d)

Pavan Hans

The transport useful in the inaccessible areas is

(a)

Roadways

(b)

Railways

(c)

Airways

(d)

Waterways

Human Development is measured in terms of ___________.

(a)

Human Resource Index

(b)

Per capita index

(c)

Human Development Index

(d)

UNDP

The scientific study of different aspects of population is called

(a)

Cartography

(b)

Demography

(c)

Anthropology

(d)

Epigraphy

Match the following

5 x 1 = 5

North Western

Northern Railway

NHAI

Urban sprawl

10.

INSAT

Generic 2

6 x 2 = 12

11.

What is meant by Dependency ratio?

12.

What is population census?

13.

State the merits of Roadways.

14.

Define “International trade”.

15.

State the major Inland waterways of India.

16.

What is migration? State its types.

Generic 2 Distinguish between

4 x 2 = 8

17.

Exports and Imports.

18.

Waterways and Airways.

19.

Roadways and Railways.

20.

Density of population and Growth of population.

Generic 5

2 x 5 = 10

21.

Explain the process of measuring Human Development.

22.

What is urbanization? Explain its problem.

Maps - 8 marks

1 x 8 = 8

23.

Major seaports in India.

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Answers Key:

Multiple Choice Question

5 x 1 = 5

(d)
Petroleum

(d)
Pavan Hans

(b)
Demography

Match the following

5 x 1 = 5

Jaipur

Delhi

1955

Impact of Urbanization

10.

Satellite communication

Generic 2

6 x 2 = 12

11.

The ratio between the economically active and economically inactive of population is termed as dependency ratio.

12.

(i) Population census is the total process of collecting, compiling, analysing or other wise disseminating demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specific time, of all persons in a country or a well-defined part of a country.
(ii) The data collected through the census are used for administration, planning, policy making as well as management and evaluation of various programmes by the government.

13.

1. Roads play an important role in carrying goods and passengers for short, medium and long distances.
2. It is highly suitable for short distance services.
3. It is comparatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain roads.
4. Road transport system can establish easy contact between farms, fields, factories and markets and can provide door to door transport services.
5. They are the most universal mode of transport. Indian roads are cost efficient and used by all sections of people in the society.

14.

Trade carried on between two or more countries is called international trade. It is also called as external trade or foreign trade.

15.

National Waterway 1: Ganga - Bhagirathi - Hooghly river system
National Waterway 2: Brahmaputra river between Dhubri - Sadiya
National Waterway 3: Kollam - Kottapuram in the state of Kerala.

16.

Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.
The types of migration are:
(1) Internal migration (within a country)
(2) International migration (between the countries).

Generic 2 Distinguish between

4 x 2 = 8

17.

S.No	Exports	Imports
1	Exports mean goods and services sold for foreign currency	Imports mean goods and services bought from overseas producers.
2.	By export we gain foreign exchange	By import we loose foreign exchange.
3.	The major exports of India are tea, marine products, ores and minerals, leather products, gems and jewels, sports goods, chemicals and related. products, plastics and rubber articles, articles of stones, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica, glass ware, paper and related products, etc..	The major imports of India are petroleum products, pearls, precious stones and semi-precious stones, gold and telecom instruments.

18.

S.No	Waterways	Airways
1.	Waterway is the oldest and cheapest means of transport.	Airways are the quickest, costliest, most modern and comfortable means of transport.
2.	It is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky materials from one country to another.	They carry passengers, freight and mail.
3.	It is a fuel efficient and eco-friendly mode of transport	It is not fuel efficient.
4.	The two types of waterways are inland waterways and ocean waterways.	Domestic Airways and International Airways are the two types of airways.

19.

S.No	Roadways	Railways
1.	Roadways are the cost efficient and most universal mode of transport	Indian railway system is the main artery of the country's inland transport
2.	Construction and maintenance of roads is cheap	Construction and maintenance of railroad is costlier
3.	Bulky goods cannot be transported easily.	Bulky goods can be transported easily.
4.	It is highly suitable for short distance service.	It is highly suitable for both short and long distance service.
5.	Door to door service is possible.	Door to door service is not possible.

20.

S.No	Density of population	Growth of population
1.	Population density is a measure of understanding the variation in distribution of population.	Population growth refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country during a specific period of time.
2.	It is expressed as number of persons per unit area usually per sq.km.	It is expressed in percentage
3.	In India very high density of population is found in Bihar	Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India.
4	Very low density of population is found in Arunachal Pradesh.	Sikkim is the least populous state,

Generic 5

2 x 5 = 10

21.

Human Development:
Dr. Mahabub-ul-haq defined as "it is a process of enlarging the range of people's choice, increasing their opportunities for education, health care, income, and empowerment. It covers the full range of human choices from a sound physical environment to economic, social and political freedom".
Human Development Indicators:
Population trends, health outcomes, education achievements, national income and composition of resources, work and employment, human security, human and capital mobility, supplementary indicators: perceptions of well being and status of fundamental rights treaties are the human development indicators.
Measuring of Human Development:
Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index focusing on three basic dimensions of human development:
(i) Health - Life expectancy at birth.
(ii) Education - Expected years of schooling for school age children and average years of schooling for the adult population.
(iii) Income - Measured by gross national income and per capita income.
Human Development Classification:
(i) HDI classifications are based on HDI fixed cut off points, which are derived from the quartiles of distributions of the component indicators.
(ii) The HDI of less than 0.550 is used for low human development, 0.550 - 0.699 stands for medium human development, 0.700 - 0.799 for high human development and 0.8 or greater for very high human development.

22.

The process of society's transformation from rural to urban is known as urbanization.
Urbanization in India:
i) The level of urbanization is measured in terms of percentage of urban population.
ii) Goa is the most urbanized state.
iii) Himachal Pradesh is the least urbanized state.
iv) Among the Union territories, Delhi is the most urbanized region followed by Chandigarh.
v) Among the major states, Tamil Nadu continues to be the second most urbanized state with 48.4% percent of urban population followed by Kerala and Maharashtra.
Impact of Urbanization:
i) Urbanization and population concentration go hand-in-hand and are closely related to each other.
ii) Rural to urban migration leads to population explosion in urban areas.
iii) Metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi have more population than that can accommodate
iv) The following are the major problems of urbanization in India.
1. It creates urban sprawl.
2. It makes overcrowding urban centres.
3. It leads to shortage of houses in urban areas.
4. It leads to the formation of slums. (eg Chennai, Mumbai)
5. It increases traffic congestion in cities.
6. It creates water scarcity in cities,
7. It creates drainage problem.
8. It poses the problem of solid waste management.
9 It increases the rate of crime.