Electronic Media:
(i) Mass Communication enables millions of people to get the information at the same time.
(ii) It is a great way to provide education as well as entertainment.
(iii) It helps in creating awareness among the people regarding various national policies and programmes.
(iv) The Mass Communication Systems can provide the information to people in two methods.
Electronic Media:
(i) Radio broadcasting in India was started in 1923 by the Radio club of Bombay.
(ii) It was named as All India Radio (AIR) in 1936 and again it was renamed as Akashwani in 1957.
(iii) It broadcasts a variety of programs related to information, education and entertainment.
Print Media:
(i) Newspapers are the most common but powerful means of communication come under print media.
(ii) India has many newspapers which carry information on local, national and international events to the people

i) The use of satellite in getting a continuous and synoptic view of larger area has made this communication system very vital for the country.
ii) Satellite images are used for weather forecasting, monitoring of natural calamities, surveillance of border areas, etc.
iii) The communication through satellites emerged as a new era in communication in our country after the establishment of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969.
Two types:
Satellite system in India can be grouped into two-the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System (IRS).
Satellites :
i) The INSAT, established in 1983, is a multipurpose system for telecommunication, meteorological observation and for various other programs.
ii) The INSAT series are used for relaying signals to television, telephone, radio, mobile phone.
iii) It is also useful in weather detection, internet and military applications.
iv) The INSAT series, GSAT series, KALPANA-1, HAMSAT and EDUSAT are the major communication satellite used for communication purpose.
v) GSAT-7A is the recent launch (December 19, 2018) for communication programs. INSAT-IB launched on 30^th August 1983 is the first communication satellite in INSAT series.

The process of society's transformation from rural to urban is known as urbanization.
Urbanization in India:
i) The level of urbanization is measured in terms of percentage of urban population.
ii) Goa is the most urbanized state.
iii) Himachal Pradesh is the least urbanized state.
iv) Among the Union territories, Delhi is the most urbanized region followed by Chandigarh.
v) Among the major states, Tamil Nadu continues to be the second most urbanized state with 48.4% percent of urban population followed by Kerala and Maharashtra.
Impact of Urbanization:
i) Urbanization and population concentration go hand-in-hand and are closely related to each other.
ii) Rural to urban migration leads to population explosion in urban areas.
iii) Metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi have more population than that can accommodate
iv) The following are the major problems of urbanization in India.
1. It creates urban sprawl.
2. It makes overcrowding urban centres.
3. It leads to shortage of houses in urban areas.
4. It leads to the formation of slums. (eg Chennai, Mumbai)
5. It increases traffic congestion in cities.
6. It creates water scarcity in cities,
7. It creates drainage problem.
8. It poses the problem of solid waste management.
9 It increases the rate of crime.

India has four major shipyards. Hindustan shipyard in Vishakhapatnam, Garden Reach: workshop in Kolkata, Mazagaon Dock in Mumbai, Kochi Shipyard in Kochi. India is the second largest ship owning country in Asia and ranks 16th in the World.

Population trends, health outcomes, education achievements, national income and composition of resources, work and employment, human security, human and capital mobility supplementary indicators: perceptions of well being and status of fundamental rights treaties are the human development indicators.

(i) Human population dynamics is a field that tracks factors related to changes in the size of population and its characteristics
(ii) Predicting population changes is an important aspect of population studies
(iii) The demographic trend affects the economic, social, and environmental systems..
(iv) The size of Population and characteristics undergoes changes constantly

The percentage of literate people to the total population is termed as literacy rate.

The ratio between the economically active and economically inactive of population is termed as dependency ratio.