(i) The Treaty also set up the League of Nations, on the initiative of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States.
(ii) The League was expected to mediate between countries and take action against countries which indulged in military aggression.
(iii) However, the United States was not interested in playing a global role or any role in European politics.
(iv) The popular mood favoured the traditional isolationist approach, and therefore the United States did not become a member of the League.
(v) The other Allied nations were also determined to maintain a noninterventionist attitude and, in consequence, the League remained an ineffectual international body.

Administrative Structure:
i) The executive wing of the United Nations is the UN Secretariat.
ii) It is headed by Secretary General. He is elected by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
iii) The Secretary General along with his cabinet and other officials runs the United Nations.
iv) The International Court of Justice, headquartered at the Hague in Holland. It is the judicial wing of the United Nations.
v) The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), is responsible for coordinating all economic and social work of the United Nations
Other Important Organs of the UN:
i) Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
ii) World Health Organisation (WHO),
iii) UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
iv) UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)
v) UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
Activities of the UN:
i) The United Nations has expanded its activities in response to the changing problems facing the world.
ii) Thus, in the 1960s, decolonization was an important issue.
iii) Human rights, the problem of refugees, climate changes, gender equality are all now within the ambit of the activities of the United Nations.
iv) The UN peace keeping force has acted many areas of conflict all over the world. The Indian army has an important part in the peace keeping force. It has served in many parts of the world
v) Poor countries and developing countries are given financial assistance by the UNO.

Rise of Hitler:
(i) Adolf Hitler was able to exploit the general discontent among the Germans.
ii) He founded the Nationalist Socialist party generally known as 'the Nazis'.
iii) The fundamental platform on which Hitler built his support was the notion of the racial superiority of the German as a pure, Aryan' race.
iv) He had a deep hatred for the Jews.
v) He came to power in 1933 and ruled Germany till 1945.
vi) In direct contravention of the clauses of the Treaty of Versailles he rearmed Germany.
vii) It solved the problem of unemployment in Germany.
viii) Soon Germany and Italy came closer and they formed Rome - Berlin Axis. When Japan joined it, it became Rome - Berlin - Tokyo axis.
ix) Hitler invaded the Rhineland
x) Hitler invaded Austria, Czechoslovakia and Sudetenland.
Fall of Hitler:
i) Initially German army had success. But after the entry of America the axis powers were defeated one after another.
ii) The British Royal Air Force inflicted severe losses on Germany.
iii) In 1941 German army invaded Russia. It was also a failure.
iv) In North Africa the German forces were defeated by General Montgomery.
v) The allied forces under the command of Eisenhower invaded Normandy in France. Slowly, the German army was forced back. Hitler committed suicide in April 1945.

(i) Battle of Britain- By July 1940, it was feared that the Germans were planning to invade Britain.
(ii) Hitler wanted to force Britain to accept his proposals for peace by a prolonged airborne bombing campaign.
(iii) The German air force began to attack specific targets, especially the ports, airfields, and industrial installations.
(iv) In September 1940, London was bombed mercilessly, an action known as The Blitz.
(v) By October 1940, night bombing raids on London and other industrial cities began.

(i) Britain and France continued to be non- interventionist.
(ii) The mood in Britain was not in favor of starting another war.
(iii) Prime Ministers Baldwin and Chamberlain did not feel justified in intervening in a region which was not officially in their sphere of interest.
(iv) The United States was totally indifferent to the outside world and was concerned with the revival of the economy after the Great Depression.

While the world at large had experienced many wars, these two wars are referred to as "World wars" because of the extended areas of the conflict and the very high death toll of civilians as well as armed combatants. Both wars were fought on several fronts across Europe, Asia, and Africa.

i) The primary objective of IMF is to ensure financial stability and development across the world.
ii) The objectives of the IMF are "to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty around the world".

i) On December 1941, Japan attacked American naval installations in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii without any warning
ii) The idea was to cripple America's Pacific fleet so that Japan would not face any opposition
iii) Many battleships and numerous fighter planes were destroyed.
iv) The United States declared war on Japan, with Britain and China also joining in.
v) This brought together both the Asia Pacific and the European war into one common cause.
vi) Most importantly, it brought the United States with its enormous resources into the war as a part of the Allies.

There are many clauses but the three main clauses are:
i) Germany was forced to give up territories to the west, north and east of the German border.
ii) Germany had to disarm and was allowed to retain only a very restricted armed force
iii)  As reparations for the war, Germany was expected to pay for the military and civilian cost of the war to the Allied nations.