(a) Characters are controlled by genes.
(b) Each gene controls one character.
(c) There may be two or more forms of the gene.
(d) One form may be dominant over the other.
(e) Genes are present on chromosomes.
(f) All individuals will have two forms of the gene whether similar or dissimilar.
(g) The two forms separate at the time of gamete formation and brought together in the zygote. 

The traits developed in an individual during its life time due to the effect of environmental factors are called acquired traits. These traits are also called somatic variations as they affect the structure and functioning of cells, tissues and organs without influencing the genetic material. Example - colour of seeds, colour of eyes.
A trait which is caused by a change in its gene or DNA is called an inherited trait. In other words, the traits which are passed from parents to their offspring generation after generation are called inherited traits. Example - loss of a finger in an accident.

DNA sequences are used for studying human evolution. There is no biological basis to the idea of human races. All human beings are a single species but there is a great diversity of human forms and features across the earth. The earliest members of human species Homo sapiens are traced from Africa.
The evidences in support are as follows:
1.Common body plan, structure, physiology and metabolism.
2.Constant chromosome number
3. Common genetic blue print
4. Free inter-breeding

(a) Yes.
(b) Geographical isolation prevents gene flow between populations of a species whereas asexual reproduction generally involves only one individual. Slowly the separated individuals will reproduce among themselves and generate new variations. Geographical isolation gradually leads to genetic drift. Continuous accumulation of those variations through a few generations may ultimately lead to the formation of a new species.

Since the traits inherit independently there is appearance of new combinations of characters in F₂ progeny.

RrYy (Round yellow).

(a) Round yellow
(b) Round yellow, Round green, Wrinkled yellow, Wrinkled green.
(c) Wrinkled green
(d) Round yellow.

We know that there is various diversity in size, form, structure and morphological features in the living world, at the molecular level these diverse types of organisms show similarity.

Only those changes in the DNA or germ cells will be passed on to the progeny resulting in the variations in them. Since acquired characters do not produce any change in the DNA of germ cells, they cannot be inherited.

If complex appearance is parallel with evolution, then humans are more complex than bacteria. But when we take it as total life characteristics, then it is difficult to identify.