When Gandhiji called for the Civil Disobedience Movement, the Muslims had lukewarm, response because of the following reasons.
(a) The failure of Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement led to a large number of Muslims to wave out from the nationalist struggle.
(b) The Congress was more closely associated with the Hindu nationalists groups like the Hindu Mahasabha, which distanced Muslims from the nationalist activities.
(c) The relationship between the Hindus and the Muslims worsened when the two began organising religious processions with militant fervour.
(d) Each community began to provoke other community leading to communal clashes and riots. This further increased differences between the two communities.
(e) There were attempts at negotiations and compromise by Congress and Muslim League, but these could not get success. Some or the other differences derailed the efforts.
(f) Muslim leaders and intellectuals were concerned about their minority status in India and feared that their culture and identity would be suppressed by the domination of Hindu majority.
(g) Muslims were disappointed with the way the Civil Disobedience Movement ended without any concrete outcome. So when the Civil Disobedience Movement was again launched, Muslims under the clouds of distrust and suspicion, could not respond to the mass struggle.

The two prominent industrialists who supported the Civil Disobedience movement were Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G.D. Birla.
The initial enthusiasm of the merchants and industrialist faded away during the later stages of the Civil Disobedience Movement because of the following reasons.
(a) The businessmen saw Swaraj as freedom from colonial restrictions on business and expansion of trade and industry without constraints.
(b) The failure of the Round Table Conference demoralised the Business groups who lost the enthusiasm to be part of any such movement.
(c) The spread of militant activities worried the business classes as there were long disruptions in business due to frequent bandhs and hartals.
(d) They were also afraid of the growing influence of socialism among the younger members of the Congress.

Different people reacted differently to the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(a) It began with Gandhiji breaking salt law at Dandi. People, also openly defied the colonial laws like breaking salt laws, manufacturing salt and staging demonstrations in front of government salt factories.
(b) There was large scale boycott of foreign cloth and picketing of liquor shops. Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes.
(c) Village officials resigned and at many places forest people violated forest laws by going into Reserve Forests to collect wood and graze cattle.
On the other hand, colonial government too reacted with ruthless and brutal suppression.
(a) Fearing the intensity of the movement and huge loss to the government property. The government arrested many eminent nationalist leaders like Gandhiji and Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan. This led to violent clashes at many places. 
(b) Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten and many were arrested.
(c) The Congress was declared illegal.
                      

Congress decided to launch a nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement because of the following reasons.
(a) Lord Irwin showed reluctance towards the eleven demands raised by Gandhiji. This led to the famous Salt March and beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(b) Worldwide economic depression slashed agricultural prices. This led to a decline in demand and exports. Peasants were the hardest hit by this crisis. On that, the government was not ready to lower the revenue demand. (c) The only-British commission called the Simon Commission was sent to India to look into the developments of the constitutional system. Indians got enraged as it had no Indian member in it. There were widespread agitations against the commission.
(d) Lord Irwin's proposal of granting dominion status and discussion at the Round Table Conference could not satisfy the nationalists.
(e) Finally at the Lahore session of Congress in 1929, it was decided to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement. This movement was sought to be related with the problems people faced in their daily life.

Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by Gandhiji's in 1920.He had the following three basic objectives.
(a) He wanted remedial action from the British for the wrong done in Jallianwalla Bagh.
(b) He wanted a solution to the Khilafat issue.
(c) The most important objective was the attainment of swaraj.
The Non-Cooperation Movement had different versions for the people living in the urban areas, countryside, plantations and hilly areas. With the call of Gandhiji, educated middle class led the movement in towns and cities. The teachers and students left educational institutions, lawyers refused to practise in the government law courts and people began to boycott foreign goods. This had a great economic impact on the Britishers. In the countryside too, peasants organised movements against talukdars and landlords in villages under the leadership of Baba Ramchandra to reduce revenue demand and abolition of begar. Tribal people started an armed struggle in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh led by Alluri Sitaram Raju. Workers in the plantations of Assam began opposing the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 to retain their right to free movement. At some places the movement turned violent. The tragic incident at Chauri-Chaura forced Gandhiji to call off the movement. Here the crowd attacked the police station and set it on fire, killing many policemen. Gandhiji felt that Indians need to be trained for a non-violent mass movement.

The following was the economic impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement on the economy of India.
(a) The factory-manufactured cheap and abundant foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires.
(b) Import of foreign cloth decreased to half causing huge economic loss to the Britishers.
(c) The merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade even though it meant loss of profits to them.
(d) As the Non-Cooperation Movement spread, more and more people began to discard, imported clothes and use Indian made clothes.
(e) Production of Indian textiles went up which was good for Indian industrialisation and economy.

The following were the features of boycott and swadeshi Movements.
(a) British institutions and services were denied by students, teachers and lawyers.
(b) Picketing of foreign liquor shops by women.
(c) Refusal and bonfires of foreign clothes.
(d) Reduction in imports of cloth.
(e)  Refusal of traders to deal in foreign goods or finance foreign trade badly affected the British economy.
(f) Increase in the production of Indian handloom and textile and coming up of Indian industries.

Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin starting eleven demands. The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike. He opposed the tax on salt and the Government monopoly over its production. When Irwin was unwilling to negotiate. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhiji's ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarat coastal town of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day. Thousands came to heat Mahatma Gandhi wherever he stopped. He told them what he meant by Swaraj and urged them to peacefully defy the British.
On 6^th April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. People were was asked not only non - cooperation but also break colonial laws. Salt satyagraha proved to be a milestone with history of Indian Nationalism.

(i) Rich peasant communities, like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh, became active in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(a) Being producers of commercial crops, they were hard hit by trade-depression and falling prices.
(b) For them fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues.
(ii) Small tenants had been cultivating rented land of landlords. They were not interested in the lowering of the revenue demand.
(a) They wanted unpaid rent to be remitted.
(b) They often joined the radical movements led by the socialists and communists.
(iii) Merchants reacted against colonial policies that restricted business activities. They wanted protection against import of foreign goods and wanted a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
(iv) Industrialists formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920.
(a) They formed the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
(b) They refused to sell or buy imported goods. They gave financial assistance and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(v)  Another important features of idle Civil Disobedience Movement was large-scle participation of women.
(a) They participated in protest Marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many women went to jail.
(b) These women came from high-caste families in urban areas and rich peasant households in rural areas. 

(a) People were now asked to refuse cooperation with the British as well as to break colonial laws. Soon, the movement spread to the entire nation.
(b) Colonial laws were violated, salt was manufactured in numerous places, foreign clothes were burnt and liquor shops were picketed.
(c) Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes.
(d) Village officials resigned and at many places people violated forest laws by going into reserved forests for collecting wood.
(e) The industrial workers in Shoplapur attacked police posts, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations-all structures that symbolised British rule.
(f) Women and children were beaten by the government and peaceful satyagrahis were attacked.