Challenges to Democracy

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Questions:

Generic 3

5 x 3 = 15

What are the differences between democracy and dictatorship in the decision making process

Write a note on the challenge of "depending Democracy".

Why does most people want to reform politicians? Do you agree with their views?

"Challenge of expansion is very common which an established Democracy faces". Comment.

Here are some challenges that require political reforms. Discuss these challenges in detail and study the reform options offered here and give your preferred solutions with reasons. Remember that none of the options offered here and give your preferred solution with reasons. Remember that none of the options offered here is 'right' or 'wrong'. You can opt for a mix for more than one option, or come up with something that is not offered here. But you must give your solution in detail and offer reasons for your choice.

1 Marks

5 x 1 = 5

What is the first priority in a democracy?

Which is the most common form of democracy in today's world and why?

Which is the very common challenge faced by every democracy?

Which type of challenge is faced by a non-democratic country for democratic set-up?

10.

What is the most common form of democracy in today's world?

Generic 4

4 x 4 = 16

11.

Examine the features of democracy in its expanded form.

12.

What is a challenge? Explain the three major challenges before the countries of the world regarding democracy?

13.

What are the major challenges to democracy in India? Explain.

14.

What is a 'challenge'?

Multiple Choice Question

5 x 1 = 5

15.

Democracy does not stand for

(a)

Democratic right

(b)

Elections

(c)

Violence

(d)

Accommodation of diversity

16.

Which one of the following situation represents the success of democracy?

(a)

US as the only super power disregards the UN and takes unilateral action

(b)

General Pinochet government defeated, but army is still under control of many institutions.

(c)

The king of Nepal Birendra accepted constitutional monarchy.

(d)

Integration of French speaking and Dutch speaking people in Belgium.

17.

What are the qualifications of democracy?

(a)

The rulers elected by the people must take all the major decisions

(b)

Elections must offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers.

(c)

The choice and opportunity should be available to all the people on an equal basis

(d)

All of the above

18.

The challenge of expansion in democracy includes

(a)

More powers to local government

(b)

Application of basic principle of democracy everywhere

(c)

Including women and minority in decision-making process

(d)

All of these

19.

Any democratic set up faces problems is known as

(a)

Challenges of democracy

(b)

Outcomes of democracy

(c)

Democratic imbalance

(d)

None of these

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Answers Key:

Generic 3

5 x 3 = 15

Democracy	Dictatorship
(i) Based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. Thus the necessary delay in implementation.	(i) Do not have to bother about majorities and/or public opinion, thus can be quicj and efficient in decision-making.
(ii) Decisions are acceptable to people and are more effective.	(ii) May take decisions not accepted by the people.
(iii) A citizen has the right and the means to examine the process of decision making. There is transparency.	(iii) Transparency is missing from a non-democratic form of government. There is no accountability of the government to the people.
(iv) Democratic government is legitimate government, people's own government.	(iv) In a dictatorship there is rule of monarch or military or religious leader. There is no participation by the people.

The challenge of deepening of Democracy is applied to every Democracy in one or the other way.
This challenge ensures
(i) Strengthening of democratic institutions and democratic principles.
(ii) It also ensures, to check the influence of the wealthy and powerful people in the democratic decisions.
(iii) The challenge deepening thus, tries to empower the general section of people through democratic institutions.

General public tends to blame politicians for all the ills of our country. People think they are responsible for the corruption, defection, casteism, communal violence, criminality etc. But it is wrong to do so, because all politicians are not bad, there are both good, honest politicians as well as bad, corrupt ones. It is for the citizens to be more alert and make the right choice at the time of elections. People and Politicians together can meet the various challenges like casteism and community, not any strict laws.

The challenge of expansion is mostly faced by the 'Established Democracy'. This challenge signifies:
(a) Extension of democratic power to local governments.
(b) Expansion of federal principles to the federal units.
(c) Political empowerment to women and the minorities.

Doctors' absenteeism Challenge	Political funding Challenge
The Uttar Pradesh government got a survey done and found most of the doctors posted in the rural primary health centers are simply not there. They live in a town, carry out private practice and visit the village where they are posted only once or twice in the entire month. Villagers have to travel to towns and pay a very high fee to private doctors even for the most common ailments.	On an average, every candidate who contested the last Lok Sabha elections owned property of more than one crore. There is a fear that only wealthy people or those with their support can afford to fight elections. Most of the political parties depend on money given by big business houses. The worry is that the role of money in politics will reduce whatever little voice the poor have in our democracy.
Reform Proposals:	Reform proposals:
The government should make it compulsory for the doctors to live in the village, where they are posted, otherwise their service should be terminated.	The financial accounts of every political party should be made public. These accounts should be examined by government auditors District administration and police should carry out surprise raids to check the attendance of the doctors.
	There should be state funding of elections Parties should be given some money by the government to meet their election expenditure.
Village panchayat should be given the power to write the annual report of the doctor, which should be read out in the Gram Sabha meeting.	Citizens should be encouraged to give more donations to parties and political workers. Such donations should be exempt from income tax.
Problems like this can be solved only if Uttar Pradesh is split into several smaller states which can be administered more efficiently.

1 Marks

5 x 1 = 5

()
The first priority in a democracy is free and fair elections, based on universal adult franchise.

()
The most common form of democracy in today's world is representative democracy because most of the modern democracies involve large number of people in the decision-making process.

()
The challenge of deepening of democracy is faced by every democracy in one form or another. It involves strengthening of the institutions and practices of democracy.

()
A non-democratic country faces the foundational challenge of making the transition to democracy and then instituting democratic government.

10.

()
Representative or indirect democracy is the most common form of democracy in today's world.

Generic 4

4 x 4 = 16

11.

The features of democracy can be categorised in the form of questions followed by classification of features like:
(a) Who are the rulers in the democracy?
People are the rulers in the democracy who ruled with the help of its elected representatives of the people.
(b) What kind of election constitutes a democratic election?
Free and fair election constitutes a democratic election. But the elections must offer a real choice between political alternatives. And it should be possible for people to use this choice to remove the existing rulers if they wish so.
(c) Who are the people who can elect the rulers?
Citizens above 18 years of age elect the rulers on the basis of one person, one vote, one value, i.e. universal adult franchise. As democracy is based on the fundamental principles of political equality in a good democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.
(d) What kind of government is democracy?
Good democracy is based on the rule of law ans respect for rights. A democratic government cannot do whatever it likes simply because it has won an election. It has to respect basic rules.
(e) As democracy is based on deliberation and negotiation, every major decision has to go through a series of consultations and every office-bearer has certain rights and responsibilities assigned by the constitution and the law.
Thus, a good democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizens' rights.

12.

A challenge refers to a difficulty which carries within it an opportunity for further progress and can be overcome
The following are the major challenges to democracy in India.
(a) Foundational challenge: This challenge involves:
(i) making transition to democracy and then instituting democratic government.
(ii) bringing down the existing non-democratic regime.
(iii) keeping military away from controlling government.
(iv) establishing a sovereign and functional state.
(b) Challenge of expansion of democracy: This challenge signifies:
(i) extension of democratic power to local governments.
(ii) expansion of federal principles to all the federal units.
(iii) political empowerment to women and minorities.
(c) Challenge of deepening of democracy: This challenge ensures:
(i) strengthening of democratic institutions and democratic principles.
(ii) to check the influence of the wealthy and powerful people in democratic decisions.
(iii) empowering the general section of people through democratic institutions.

13.

The following are the major challenges to democracy in India.
(a) Foundational Challenge: This challenge involves:
(i) making transition to democracy and then instituting democratic government.
(ii) bringing down the existing non-democratic regime.
(iii) keeping military away from controlling government.
(iv) establishing a sovereign and functional state.
(b) Challenge of expansion of democracy: This challenge signifies:
(i) extension of democratic power to local governments
(ii) expansion of federal principles to all the federal units
(iii) political empowerment to women and minorities.
(c) Challenge of deepening of democracy: This challenge ensures:
(i) strengthening of democratic institutions and democratic principles.
(ii) to check the influence of the wealthy and powerful people in democratic decisions.
(iii) empowering the general section of people through democratic institutions.

14.

A 'challenge' is a difficulty which carries within it an opportunity for progress. Three major challenge are :
(i) Foundational challenge is about making the transition to democracy and then instituting a democratic government. This involves bringing down the existing non-democratic regime, keeping military away from controlling the government and establishing a sovereign and functional state. Example : Myanmar, Chile, Nepal
(ii) Challenge of Expansion is faced (by most of the established democracies. This involves applying the basic principle of democratic government across all the regions, different social groups and various institutions. Most countries including India and other democracies like the U.S. face this challenge.
(iii) Deepening of democracy : This involves strengthening of the institutions and practices of democracy, especially those that help people's participation and control. This attempts to bring down the control and influence of the rich and powerful people in making governmental decision.

Multiple Choice Question

5 x 1 = 5

15.

16.