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Published on: 13/05/2022
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Science Test1.
What are the modern detergent contains several ingredients? Explain.
2.
Write the manufacture of soap process.
3.
Write the common name and IUPAC of the following
i) CH3OH
ii) HCHO
iii) HCOOH
iv) CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH
v) CH3 - CH2 - CHO
vi) CH3 - CO- CH2CH3
vii) CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH
viii) CH3 - CO- CH2 - CH2- CH3
ix) CH3 - CH2- COOH
x) CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH
4.
Test yourself
i) CH3CHO
ii) CH3CH2COCH3
iii) Cl—CH2— CH2 — CH2 — CH3.
5.
Arrive at systematically, the IUPAC name of the compound CH3COOH.
1.
i) Sodium silicate, which prevents the corrosion and ensures that the detergent does not damage the washing machine.
ii) Fluorescent whitening agents that give a glow to the clothes.
iii) Oxygen bleaches, such as Sodium perborate enable the removal of certain stains from the cloth.
iv) Sodium sulphate is added to prevent the caking of the detergent powder.
v) Enzymes are added to break down some stains caused by biological substances like blood and vegetable juice.
vi) Certain chemicals like that give out a pleasant smell are also added to make the clothes fragrant after they washed with detergent.
2.
Kettle Process: This is the oldest method. But, it is still widely used in the small scale preparation of soap. There are mainly two steps to be followed in this process.
i) Saponification of Oil:
The oil, which is used in this process, is taken in an iron tank (kettle). The alkaline solution (10%) is added into the little a little in excess. The mixture is boiled by passing steam through it. The oil gets hydrolysed after several hours of boiling. This process is called saponification.
ii) Salting out of soap:
Common salt is then added to the boiling mixture. Soap is finally precipitated in the tank. After several hours the soap rises to the top of the liquid as a 'curdy mass'. The next soap is taken off from the top. It is then allowed to cool down.
3.
| S. No. | Molecular Formula | Common Name | IUPAC Name |
| i | CH3OH | Methyl alcohol | Methanol |
| ii | HCHO | Formaldehyde | Methanal |
| iii | HCOOH | Formic Acid | Methanoic Acid |
| iv | CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH | Propyl Alcohol | Propanal |
| v | CH3 - CH2 - CHO | Propionaldehyde | Propanal |
| vi | CH3 - CO- CH2CH3 | Ethyl Methyl Ketone | 2 — butanone |
| vii | CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH | Butyric Acid | Butanoic Acid |
| viii | CH3 - CO- CH2 - CH2- CH3 | Methyl Propyl Ketone | Pentanone |
| ix | CH3 - CH2- COOH | Propionic Acid | Propanoic Acid |
| x | CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH | Pentanoic acid | Pentanoic Acid |
4.
i)
Step 1: The parent chain consists of 2 carbon atoms. The root word is 'Eth’.
Step 2: = All are single bonds between the carbon atoms of the chain. So the primary suffix is ‘ane’.
Step 3: Since the compound contains —CHO group, it is a Aldehyde. The secondary suffix is ‘al’. The name of the compound is (Eth + ane + al) => Ethanal.
ii)
Step 1: The parent chain consists of 4 carbon atoms. The root word is 'But’.
Step 2: All are single bonds between the carbon atoms of the chain. So the primary suffix is ‘ane’.
Step 3: Since the compound contains \(\underset{-\ C\ -}{\overset{O}{||}}\)group, it is a Ketone. The secondary suffix is 'one’. The name of the compound is (But + ane + one) => Butanone.
iii)
Step 1: The parent chain consists of 4 carbon atoms. The root word is ‘but’.
Step 2: All are single bonds between the carbon atoms of the chain. So the primary suffix is ‘ane’.
Step 3: Since the compounds contain ‘chloro’ group, it is a halogen 1. The name of the compound is (Chloro + but + ane) => Chloro butane.
5.
Rule 1: The parent chain consists of 2 carbon atoms. The root word is ‘Eth’.
Rule 2: All are single bonds between the carbon atoms of the chain. So the primary suffix is ‘ane’.
Rule 3: Since the compound contains the -COOH group, it is a carboxylic acid. The secondary suffix is 'oic' acid. The name of the compound is (Eth + ane + oic acid) => Ethanoic Acid.
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Tamilnadu Stateboard 10th Standard Subjects
Tamilnadu Stateboard Standards
