Atherosclerosis is a disease of arteries in which plaque (Thick layer of cholesterol ) builds up inside our arteries, Plaque hardens and narrows our arteries and prevents supply of oxygen-rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body.

Plaque is a thick layer formed inside our arteries which is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Plaque hardens and narrows our arteries.

i) Diet Management:
a) Low calorie, normal protein, vitamins and mineral, restricted carbohydrate and fat, high fiber diet can prevent overweight.
b) Calorie restriction for weight reduction is safe and most effective.
ii) Physical exercise:
a) A low calorie diet accompanied by moderate exercise will be effective in causing weight loss.
b) Meditation, yoga and physical activity can also reduce stress related to overeating.

Causes of obesity : Obesity is due to
i) Genetic factors
ii) Physical inactivity
iii) Eating habits (overeating) and
iv) Endocrine factors
Risk factors of obesity : Obesity is a positive risk factor in development of
i) | Hypertension
ii) Diabetes
iii) Gall bladder disease
iv) Coronary heart disease and 
v) Arthritis.

Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of body fat and health risk. It is a measurement of a person’s weight with respect to his or her height.
\(\mathrm{BMI}=\frac{\text { Weight }(\mathrm{kg})}{\text { Height }(\mathrm{m})^{2}}\)