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Published on: 13/05/2022
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Science Test1.
Compare the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiations.
2.
Cell phone towers should be placed far away from the residential area – why?
3.
Mass number of a radioactive element is 232 and its atomic number is 90. When this element undergoes certain nuclear reactions, it transforms into an isotope of lead with a mass number 208 and an atomic number 82. Determine the number of alpha and beta decay that can occur.
4.
Calculate the amount of energy released when a radioactive substance undergoes fusion and results in a mass defect of 2 kg.
5.
A radon specimen emits radiation of 3.7 × 103 GBq per second. Convert this disintegration in terms of curie. (one curie = 3.7 × 1010 disintegration per second).
1.
|
Properties |
\(\alpha \) - rays |
\(\beta \) - rays |
\(\gamma \) - rays |
|---|---|---|---|
| What are they? | Helium nucleus (2He4) consisting of two protons and two neutrons | They are electrons. (-1e0), basic elementary particles of all atoms. |
They are electromagnetic waves consisting of photons. |
| Charge | Positively charged particles. Charge of each alpha particle = +2e | Negatively charged particles. Charge of each beta particle=-e | Neutral particles Charge of each gamma particle = zero |
| Ionizing power | 100 times greater than \(\beta \) rays and 10,000 times greater than \(\gamma \)rays | Comparatively low | Very less ionization power |
| Penetrating power | Low penetrating power (even stopped by a thick paper) |
Penetrating power is greater than that of α rays. They can penetrate through the thin metal foil. | They have a very high penetrating power greater than that of \(\beta \) rays. They can penetrate through thick metal blocks. |
| Effect of electric and magnetic field | Deflected by both the fields. (in accordance with Fleming's left-hand rule) | Deflected by both the fields but the direction of deflection is opposite to alpha rays. (in accordance with Fleming's left-hand rule) | They are not deflected by both the fields |
| Speed | Their speed ranges from 1/10 to 1/20 times the speed of light. | Their speed can go up to 9/10 times the speed of light. | They travel at the speed of light. |
2.
(i) Cell phone companies are used non-ionised radiations.
(ii) It is not harmful like X-ray or gamma radiation.
(iii) In 2006 report issued by the WHO, human body absorbs energy from cell phone towers which is almost five times more than FM and Television.
(iv) Signals from each mobile towers travels a few miles from there.
(v) The closer we are the greater the danger.
3.
In alpha decay atomic number decreases by two and mass number decreases by four. So
232 - 208 = 24
Mass number decreased by 24. So 6 alpha particle would come out.
\({ }_{90} \mathrm{X}^{232} \rightarrow{ }_{78} \mathrm{Y}^{208}+6{ }_{2} \mathrm{He}^{4}\)
In beta decay atomic number increases by one
78 + 4 = 82
So, 4 beta particle would come out.
\({ }_{78} \mathrm{Y}^{208} \rightarrow{ }_{82} \mathrm{Z}^{208}+4_{-1} \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{o}}\)
So, six alpha particle and four beta particles would come out.
4.
Mass defect in the reaction (m) = 2 kg
Velocity of light (c) = 3 × 108 m s-1
By Einstein’s equation,
Energy released E = mc2
So E = 2 × (3 × 108 )2
= 1.8 × 1017J
5.
1 Bq = one disintegration per second
one curie = 3.7 × 1010 Bq
1 Bq = \(\frac { 1 }{ 3.7\times { 10 }^{ 10 } } \) curie
∴ 3.7 x 103 G Bq = 3.7 x 103 x 109 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 3.7\times { 10 }^{ 10 } } \)
= 100 curie
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