Bessemerisation The molten matte is transferred to Bessemer converter in order to obtain blister copper. Ferrous sulphide from matte is oxidized to ferrous oxide, which is removed as slag using silica.
2FeS+3O₂ ⟶ 2FeO+2SO₂ ↑

2 Cu₂S + 3O₂ ⟶ 2 Cu₂O + 2 SO₂

Froth floatation:
(i) Principle: This process depends on the preferential wettability of the ore with oil (pine oil) and the gangue particles by water. Lighter ores, such as sulphide ores, are concentrated by this method. E.g. Zinc blende ZnS

(ii) Method: The crushed ore is taken in a large tank containing oil and water and agitated with a current of compressed air. The ore is wetted by the oil and gets separated from the gangue in the form of froth. Since the 4 ore is lighter, it comes on the surface with the froth and impurities are left behind

Magnetic separation method:
(i) Principle: Magnetic properties of the ores form the basis of separation. When either the ore or the gangue is magnetic, this method is employed. E.g. Tin stone SnO₂ The ore of tin.
(ii) Method: The crushed ore is placed over a conveyer belt which rotates around two metal wheels, one of which is magnetic. The magnetic particles are attracted to the magnetic wheel and fall separately apart from the non-magnetic particles.

Hydraulic (Gravity separation) method:
(i) Principle: The difference in the densities or specific gravities of the ore and gangue is the main principle behind this method. Oxide are are purified by this method. E.g. Hematite Fe₂O₃ the ore of iron
(ii) Method: The ore is poured over a sloping, vibrating corrugated table with grooves and a jet of water is allowed to flow over it. The denser ore particles settle down in the grooves and lighter gangue particles are washed down by water.