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Published on: 04/07/2021
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Science Test1.
Write about the hormones secreted by pituitary gland and their functions.
2.
Write the name and location of the endocrine glands present in human and other vertebrates.
3.
What are the physiological effects of Abscisic acid (ABA)?
4.
What are the physiological effects of Cytokinins?
1.
| No. | Hormones of pituitary gland | Functions |
| Hormones secreted by the anterior lobe (Adenohypophysis) | ||
| i | Growth hormone (GH) | i) GH promotes the development and enlargement of all tissues of the body. ii) It stimulates the growth of muscles, cartilage and long bones. iii) It controls the cell metabolism. |
| ii | Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | i) TSH controls the growth of the thyroid gland, coordinates its activities and hormone secretion. |
| iii | Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | i) ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland for the production of its hormones. ii) It also influences protein synthesis in the adrenal cortex. |
| Gonadotropic hormones (GTH) | ||
| iv | i) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | i) In males, it stimulates the germinal epithelium of testes for the formation of sperms. ii) In females it initiates the growth of ovarian follicles and its development in ovary. |
| ii) Luteinizing hormone (LH) | i) In males, it promotes the Leydig cells of the testes to secrete male sex hormone testosterone. ii) In females, it causes ovulation (rupture of mature Graafian follicle), responsible for the development of corpus luteum and production of female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. |
|
| v | Prolactin (PRL) | i) PRL is also called lactogenic hormone. This hormone initiates the development of mammary glands during pregnancy and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth. |
| Hormones secreted by the posterior lobe (Neurohypophysis) | ||
| vi | Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | i) In kidney tubules it increases reabsorption of water. ii) It reduces loss of water through urine and hence the name antidiuretic hormone. |
| vii | Oxytocin |
i) It helps in the contraction of the smooth muscles of the uterus at the time of |
2.
| S.No | Name of the endocrine glands | Location |
| a | Pituitary gland | It is attached to the hypothalamus of the brain |
| b | Thyroid gland | It is located on the either side of larynx |
| c | Parathyroid gland | In the neck behind the thyroid |
| d | Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) | In the abdomen, below the stomach |
| e | Adrenal gland (Adrenal cortex and Adrenal medulla) | It is present on top of each kidney. |
| f | Testes | They are contained in scrotal sac. |
| g | Ovary | They are present on either side of uterus. |
| h | Thymus gland | It is lymphoid mass, present above the heart. |
3.
i) ABA promotes the process of abscission (separation of leaves, flowers and fruits from the branch).
ii) During water stress and drought conditions ABA causes stomatal closure.
iii) ABA promotes senescence in leaves by causing loss of chlorophyll.
iv) ABA induces bud dormancy towards the approach of winter in trees like birch.
v) ABA is a powerful inhibitor of lateral bud growth in tomato.
4.
i) Cytokinin induces cell division (cytokinesis) in the presence of auxins.
ii) Cytokinin also causes cell enlargement.
iii) Both auxins and cytokinins are essential for the formation of new organs from the callus in tissue culture (Morphogenesis).
iv) Cytokinins promote the growth of lateral buds even in the presence of apical bud.
v) Application of cytokinin delays the process of ageing in plants. This is called Richmond Lang effect.
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Tamilnadu Stateboard 10th Standard Subjects
Tamilnadu Stateboard Standards
