a) The capitalist countries led by the U.S. were politically designated as the First World.
b) The Communist States led by the Soviet Union came to be known as the Second world.
c) States outside these two were called Third World.

i) The US Conceived the Marshall Plan to bring the countries in the Western Europe under its influence.
ii) The plan sought to help the countries of Europe with American dollars to facilitate their early recovery from the destruction caused by the Second World War.

i) In 1955 Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran signed a pact known as Baghdad Pact.
ii) In 1958 the United States joined the organization and thereafter it came to be known as the Central Treaty Organization.
iii) This treaty was open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in the region. CENTO was dissolved in 1979.

a) As Chiang Kai-sheik had built a circle of fortified ports around the communist positions, Mao wanted to move out of Hunan for safer territory.
b) By 1933 Mao had gained full control of the Chinese Communist party.
c) In 1934, the Communist army of about 100,000 set out on the Long March.
d) This march has become legendary.
e) Out of 1,00,000, only 20,000 finally reached Sheni after crossing 6,000 miles.

a) The disintegration of the Manchu dynasty began with the death of the Dowager-Empress in 1908. The new emperor was two-years old and the provincial governors began to assert their independence.
b) In October 1911 the local army mutinied and the revolt spread.
c) Provincial governors removed the Manchu garrisons and proclaimed their independence.