It is the term used to describe the policy of the USA in maintaining and dominating over distant lands through economic aid.

(i) Smuts believed that a coalition government was required to solve the country's economic problems.
(ii) Therefore the South Africa party and the National party united in 1934 to form the United South Africa's National Party or United Party for short.
(iii) In spite of misunderstandings and disagreements, the smuts - Herzog alliance lasted until 1939.

a) The interior of Africa was unknown to the outside world until the last quarter of nineteenth century. European colonisation began after about 1875.
b) The Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884-85 had resolved that Africa should be divided into spheres of influence of various colonial powers.
c) However the war between the British and Boers in South Africa was in defiance of this resolution.

i) The Monroe Doctrine was developed in 1815, by the President of the USA, Monroe.
ii) It declared that if Europeans interfered anywhere in America, north or south, it would amount to waging a war against the United States.
iii) Due to this threat, by 1830 the whole of South America was free from European domination.

a) In 1929 the Vietnamese soldiers mutinied, and there was a failed attempt to assassinate the French Governor-General.
b) This was followed by a large scale peasant revolt led by the Communists.
c) The revolt was crushed and thousands of rebels were killed. This incident is known as the 'White Terror'.