The characters on the background of a Scratch window are known as Sprite. Usually a cat appears as a sprite when the Scratch window is opened. The software provides facilities to make alternations in sprite.

Type-2 Non-Insulin Dependent diabetes mellitus.

(i) Volume percentage is defined as the percentage by volume of solute (in ml) present in the given volume of the solution.
(ii) Volume Percentage = \(\frac{Volume \ of \ the \ solute}{Volume \ of \ the \ solution \ +\ Volume \ of \ the \ solvent}\) x 100

There are different types of teeth in rabbit. Hence, called as heterodont denitition.

(i) The audible range of frequency is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
(ii) These are generated by vibrating bodies such as vocal cords, stretched strings, etc.

(i) One mole (6.023 x 10²³ of entities) of any gas occupies 22.4 litre or 22400 ml at S.T.P.
(ii) This volume is called as molar volume of gas.

(i) "According to Newton's second law, the force acting on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of linear momentum of the body and the change in momentum takes place in the direction of the force".
(ii) Force = mass x acceleration
(iii) F = m x a

a) Gibberellin
b) The active substance was identified as Gibberellic acid, which caused this disease.
c) i) Application of gibberellins on plants stimulate extraordinary elongation of internode. e.g. Corn and Pea.
ii) Treatment of rosette plants with gibberellin induces sudden shoot elongation followed by flowering. This is called bolting.

(i) 'A' is copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO₄.5H₂O).
(ii) 'B' is Anhydrous copper sulphate (CuSO₄)

(i) On passing ' C ' through water it becomes acidic.
(ii) Therefore the gas ' C ' must be a non-metal oxide \(\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)\).
(iii) So a solid compound must be a calcium carbonate.
(iv) It decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. (C)
\(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3(\mathrm{~g})} \rightarrow \mathrm{CaO}_{(\mathrm{S})}+\mathrm{CO}_{2(\mathrm{~g})} \uparrow\\ \quad \mathrm{A} \quad \quad \quad \quad \mathrm{B} \quad \quad \quad \quad \mathrm{C}\)

A	CaCo3	Calcium carbonate
B	CaO	Calcium oxide
C	CO2	Carbon di oxide

(a) Ionic bond.
(b) Electronegativity property.
(c) (i)  Along the period, from left to right in the periodic table, the electronegativity increases, because of the increase in the nuclear charge which in turn attracts the electrons more strongly.
(ii) On moving down a group, the electronegativity of the element decreases because of the increased number of valence shells.

(i) The Newton second law tells us that applying a force on an object produces an acceleration proportional to the object's mass.
(ii) When you're wearing your seat belt, it supplies the force to decelerate you in the event of a crash so that you don't hit the wind shield.
(iii) According to Newton's first law an object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in same direction, unless acted upon by a force.
(iv) If the motor cycle were to abruptly stop, then the rider in motion would continue in motion.
(v) The rider would likely be propelled from the motor cycle, the rider becomes a projectile.
(vi) If the person is not wearing the helmet, the injury would be severe.
(vii) Thus "wearing helmet and fastening the seat belt is highly recommended for safe journey".

Ramu must discuss the issue with his parents or teachers. He must take support from elders in not being a part of this group so that he can take care of his physical and mental health and not fall a prey to bad habits. Friendship does not mean being a support to the wrong actions of our friends.

(i) Radioactive materials should be kept in thick walled lead container.
(ii) Lead coated aprons and lead gloves should be used while working with hazardous radioactive materials.
(iii) We should avoid eating while handling radioactive materials.
(iv) The radioactive materials should be handled only by tongs or by a remote control process.
(v) Dosimeters should be worn by the users to check the level of radiation.

(i) Simple Microscope: Simple microscope is a convex lens of short focal length. It is held near the eye to get enlarged image of small objects.
(ii) Let an object (AB) of height 'h' is placed at a point within the principal focus (u < f) of the convex lens and the observer's eye placed just behind the lens.
(iii) As per this position the convex lens CJ produces an erect, virtual and enlarged image (A'B'). The image formed is in the same side of the object and the distance equal to the least distance of distinct vision (D) (D = 25 cm for normal human eye).

(iv) Magnification power (M): Ratio of the height of the image produced by the microscope h₂) to the original height of the object (h₁) is called magnification.
M=\(\frac { A'B' }{ AB } \)
Magnification M =\(\frac { height\ of\ the\ image }{ height\ of\ the\ object } \)
=\(\frac { { h }_{ 2 } }{ { h }_{ 1 } } \)
Magnification can also be defined as the ratio of distance of image (v) to the distance of object (u)
Magnification M =\(\frac { Distance\ of\ the\ image }{ Distance\ of\ the\ object } \)
=\(\frac { v }{ u } \)
Since, the image is virtual and erect; the Magnification (M) is taken as positive In simple Microscope,
when the image is formed at the near point
M=1+\(\frac { D }{ f } \)
when the image is formed at infinity
M=\(\frac { D }{ f } \).

(i) Acquired traits are the characters that cannot be passed from one generation to the next generation.
(ii) Characters which are inherited by the offspring from the parents and carried from one generation to another generation are called Inherited traits.

1. Click events in script option

3. Click Looks in script option. Drag “say” to script area.

4. Type “Hello “ word in say tab.

5.Click sounds in script option. Drag play sound to script area. Choose the hello sound from the audio file.

6. From File menu choose the Save option.
7. Click the green flag at the top right corner of the stage window to run the program

Protina, shakti and Rathna are lysine rich maize hybrids.

Valves are the muscular flaps that regulate the flow of blood in a single direction and prevent back flow of blood.

(i) Kiwi is a flightless bird. The degenerated wing in Kiwi is an example for organ of disuse.
(ii) When there is a change in the environment, the animals respond to the change.
(iii) They develop adaptive structures (acquired characters).

Area of copper rod,   A_o = 10 m²
Changes of Area of cross section,
Initial temperature \(\Delta \mathrm{A} =11 -10 =1 \mathrm{~m}^{2}  \)
\(\mathrm{~T}_{1} =90 \mathrm{~K}  \)
\(a_{\mathrm{A}} =0.0021 / \mathrm{K}  \)
\(\mathrm{T}_{2} =?  \)
\(\frac{\Delta A}{A_{0}} =a_{\mathrm{A}} \Delta \mathrm{T}  \)
\(\frac{1 }{10 } =0.0021\left[\mathrm{~T}_{2}-90\right]  \)
\(0.1 =0.0021\left[\mathrm{~T}_{2}-90\right]=\frac{0.1}{0.0021}+90=\mathrm{T}_{2}  \)
\(\mathrm{~T}_{2} =137.61 \mathrm{~K}\)
So the final temperature of a copper rod is 137.61 K

(i) Our teeth and an elephant's tusks are homologous organs as both of them have the same basic structure, but different functions (we chew with our teeth, whereas elephants use their tusks to hold things).
(ii) Analogous organs indicate that even organisms having different structures can adapt by modifying these structures to perform similar functions for their survival under the given environmental conditions.

The fuse will melt and the circuit breaks if electric current more than the rating of fuse (i.e., 5 A) flows in the circuit. Electric current flowing in the circuit,
\(I=\frac { P }{ V } =\frac { 1.5\times 1000W }{ 220V } =6.82A\)
Since, current flowing in the circuit (6.82 A) is more than the rating of fuse (5 A), therefore, the fuse will melt and the electrical heater does not work. To operate the heater, fuse of rating 10 A is to be put in the circuit.

Mutation:
(i) Mutation is defined as the sudden heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA in an organism.
(ii) It is a Process by which genetic variations are created which in turn brings about changes in the organism.
(iii) The organism which undergoes mutation is called a mutant.
(iv) The factors which induce mutations are known as mutagens or mutagenic agents.
(v) Mutagens are two types namely physical mutagens and chemical mutagens.
(i) Physical mutagens:
Radiations like X-rays, α, β and γ-rays, UV rays, temperature, etc. which induce mutations are called physical mutagens.
(ii) Chemical mutagens:
(i) Chemical substances that induce mutations are called chemical mutagens.
(ii) Eg: Mustard gas and nitrous acid. The utilization of induced mutation in crop improvement is called mutation breeding. Achievements of mutation breeding:
Achievements of mutation breeding:
(i) Sharbati Sonora wheat produced from Sonora-64 by using gamma rays.
(ii) Atomica 2 rice with saline tolerance and pest resistance.
(iii) Groundnuts with thick shells.

(i) Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium ethanoate and water
CH₃COOH + NaOH ⟶ CH₃COONa + H₂O
Ethanoic acid               Sodium hydroxide      
(ii) Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate and liberates CO₂, with brisk effervescence.
CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ ⟶  CH₃COONa  + CO₂  ↑ + H₂O
Ethanoic acid                      Sodium hydroxide
(iii) Ethanol is oxidized to ethanoic acid with alkaline KMnO₄ or acidified K₂Cr₂O₇

(iv) Ethanol is highly inflammable liquid. It burns with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.