Copper wire is used as connecting wires because copper has very low resistivity.

The characters on the background of a Scratch window are known as Sprite. Usually a cat appears as a sprite when the Scratch window is opened. The software provides facilities to make alternations in sprite.

Insulin deficiency occurs due to destruction of \(\beta \)-cells of the pancreas.

(i) Volume percentage is defined as the percentage by volume of solute (in ml) present in the given volume of the solution.
(ii) Volume Percentage = \(\frac{Volume \ of \ the \ solute}{Volume \ of \ the \ solution \ +\ Volume \ of \ the \ solvent}\) x 100

Diastema is a gap between incisors and premolar formed due to absence of canine.

The minimum distance required to hear an echo is 1/20^th part of the magnitude of the velocity of sound in air.
i.e.  \(\frac{1}{20} \times 344 = 16.7m\)

(i) One mole (6.023 x 10²³ of entities) of any gas occupies 22.4 litre or 22400 ml at S.T.P.
(ii) This volume is called as molar volume of gas.

Based on the direction in which the force acts, they can be classified into two types as:
(i) Like Parallel forces
(ii) Unlike Parallel forces.

(i) Our teeth and an elephant's tusks are homologous organs as both of them have the same basic structure, but different functions (we chew with our teeth, whereas elephants use their tusks to hold things).
(ii) Analogous organs indicate that even organisms having different structures can adapt by modifying these structures to perform similar functions for their survival under the given environmental conditions.

Gene Cloning:
(i) The carbon copy of an individual is often called a clone. However, more appropriately, a clone means to make a genetically exact copy of an organism.
Techniques involved in gene cloning:
(i) In gene cloning, a gene or a piece of DNA fragment is inserted into a bacterial cell where DNA will be multiplied (copied) as the cell divides.

A brief outline of the basic steps involved in gene cloning are:
(i) Isolation of desired DNA fragment by using restriction enzyme
(ii) Insertion of the DNA fragment into a suitable vector (Plasmid) to make rDNA
(iii) Transfer of rDNA into bacterial host cell (Transformation)
(iv) Selection and multiplication of recombinant host cell to get a clone
(v) Expression of cloned gene in host cell.
(vi) Using this strategy several enzymes, hormones and vaccines can be produced.

Step 1: The parent chain consists of 3 carbon atoms. The root word is 'Prop'.
Step 2: There are single bonds between the carbon atoms of the chain. So, the primary suffix is 'ane'
Step 3: Since, the compound contains - OH group, it is an alcohol. The carbon chain is numbered from the end which is closest to -OH group. (Rule 3)

Step 4: The locant number of –OH group is 1 and thus the secondary suffix is ‘1-ol’.
The name of the compound is Prop + ane + (1-ol) = Propan-1-ol
Note: Terminal ‘e’ of ‘ane’ is removed as per Rule 5

Statement:
Universal law of gravitation states that, 'every particle of matter in this universe attracts every other particle with a force. This force is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between centers of these masses. The direction of the force acts along the line joining the masses'.
Deviation: Force between the masses is always attractive and it does not depend on the medium where they are placed.

Let m₁ and m₂ be the masses of two bodies A and B placed at r meter apart in space 
Force \(\mathrm{F} \propto \mathrm{m}_{1} \times \mathrm{m}_{2}\)
\(\mathrm{F} \propto 1 / r^{2}\)
On combining the above two expressions,
\(\mathrm{F} \propto \frac{\mathrm{m}_{1} \times \mathrm{m}_{2}}{\mathrm{r}^{2}} \)
\(F=\frac{G m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\)
Where G is the universal gravitational constant.
Its value in SI unit is \(6.674 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~N} \mathrm{~m}^{2} \mathrm{~kg}^{-2}\).

(i) Obesity is the state in which there is an accumulation of excess body fat with an abnormal increase in body weight.
(ii) Obesity occurs if intake of calories is more than the expenditure of energy.
(iii) Overweight and obesity are conditions where the body weight is greater than the mean standard weight for age and height of an individual.
(iv) Body Mass Index (BMI) is an estimate of body fat and health risk. BMI = Weight (kg) / Height (m)²
Causes and risk factors :
(i) Obesity is due to genetic factors, physical inactivity, eating habits (overeating) and endocrine factors.
(ii) Obesity is a positive risk factor in development of hypertension, diabetes, gall bladder disease, coronary heart disease, and arthritis.
Prevention and Control of Obesity :
(i) Diet Management: Low calorie, normal protein, vitamins and mineral, restricted carbohydrate and fat, high fiber diet can prevent overweight.
(ii) Physical exercise: A low calorie diet accompanied by moderate exercise will be effective in causing weight loss. Meditation, yoga and physical activity can also reduce stress related to overeating.

Medical applications of radioisotopes can be divided into two parts
i) Diagnosis ii) Therapy Radio. 
Isotopes are used as tracers to diagnose the nature of blood circulatory disorders, defects of bone metabolism, to locate tumors, etc. Some of the radio isotopes which are used as tracers are: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, etc.
(i) Radio sodium (Na²⁴) is used for the effective functioning of heart.
(ii) Radio - Iodine (I¹³¹) is used to cure the goiter.
(iii) Radio iron is (Fe⁵⁹) is used to diagnose anemia and also provide treatment for the same.
(iv) Radio phosphorous (P³²) is used in the treatment of skin diseases.
(v) Radio cobalt (Co⁶⁰) and radio gold (Au⁷⁹) are used in the treatment of skin cancer.
(vi) Radiations are used to sterilize the surgical devices as they can kill the germs and microbes.

(i) The transparent layer cornea bends the light rays through pupil located at the centre part of the Iris.
(ii) The adjusted light passes through the eye lens. Eye lens is convex in nature. So, the light rays from the objects are converged and a real and inverted image is formed on retina.
(iii) Then, retina passes the received real and inverted image to the brain through optical nerves. Finally, the brain senses it as erect image.

Based on the position of centromere, the chromosomes are classified as Telocentric, Acrocentric, Submetacentric andMetacentric.
(i) Telocentric - The centromere is found on the proximal end. They are rod shaped chromosomes.
(ii) Acrocentric - The centromere is found at the one end with a short arm and long arm. They are also rod - shaped chromosomes.
(iii) Submetacentric - The centromere is found near the centre of the chromosome. Thus forming two unequal arms. They are J

(iv) Metacentric - The centromere occurs in the centre of the chromosome and form two equal arms. They are V shaped chromosomes.

1. Click events in script option

3. Click Looks in script option. Drag “say” to script area.

4. Type “Hello “ word in say tab.

5.Click sounds in script option. Drag play sound to script area. Choose the hello sound from the audio file.

6. From File menu choose the Save option.
7. Click the green flag at the top right corner of the stage window to run the program

Semi dwarf nature high yield, disease resistance, early maturity.

(i) When the blood circulates twice through the heart in one complete cycle it is called double circulation.
(ii) In double circulation oxygenated blood does not mix with deoxygenated blood.

(i) Archaeopteryx is considered to be a connecting link between reptiles and birds.
(ii) It had wings with feathers like a bird. It has long tail, clawed digits and conical teeth like a reptile.

Area of copper rod,   A_o = 10 m²
Changes of Area of cross section,
Initial temperature \(\Delta \mathrm{A} =11 -10 =1 \mathrm{~m}^{2}  \)
\(\mathrm{~T}_{1} =90 \mathrm{~K}  \)
\(a_{\mathrm{A}} =0.0021 / \mathrm{K}  \)
\(\mathrm{T}_{2} =?  \)
\(\frac{\Delta A}{A_{0}} =a_{\mathrm{A}} \Delta \mathrm{T}  \)
\(\frac{1 }{10 } =0.0021\left[\mathrm{~T}_{2}-90\right]  \)
\(0.1 =0.0021\left[\mathrm{~T}_{2}-90\right]=\frac{0.1}{0.0021}+90=\mathrm{T}_{2}  \)
\(\mathrm{~T}_{2} =137.61 \mathrm{~K}\)
So the final temperature of a copper rod is 137.61 K

a) Gibberellin
b) The active substance was identified as Gibberellic acid, which caused this disease.
c) i) Application of gibberellins on plants stimulate extraordinary elongation of internode. e.g. Corn and Pea.
ii) Treatment of rosette plants with gibberellin induces sudden shoot elongation followed by flowering. This is called bolting.

(i) 'A' is copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO₄.5H₂O).
(ii) 'B' is Anhydrous copper sulphate (CuSO₄)

(i) On passing ' C ' through water it becomes acidic.
(ii) Therefore the gas ' C ' must be a non-metal oxide \(\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)\).
(iii) So a solid compound must be a calcium carbonate.
(iv) It decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. (C)
\(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3(\mathrm{~g})} \rightarrow \mathrm{CaO}_{(\mathrm{S})}+\mathrm{CO}_{2(\mathrm{~g})} \uparrow\\ \quad \mathrm{A} \quad \quad \quad \quad \mathrm{B} \quad \quad \quad \quad \mathrm{C}\)

A	CaCo3	Calcium carbonate
B	CaO	Calcium oxide
C	CO2	Carbon di oxide

(a) Ionic bond.
(b) Electronegativity property.
(c) (i)  Along the period, from left to right in the periodic table, the electronegativity increases, because of the increase in the nuclear charge which in turn attracts the electrons more strongly.
(ii) On moving down a group, the electronegativity of the element decreases because of the increased number of valence shells.