The Ieech makes a triradiate or 'Y' shaped incision in the skin of the host by the jaws protruded through the mouth and sucks the blood by muscular pharynx.

CNS stand for Central Nervous System.

Diastema is a gap between incisors and premolar formed due to absence of canine.

Respiration takes place through skin.

The Indian cattle leech.

i) The digestive system includes the alimentary canal and the associated digestive glands.
ii) The alimentary canal consists of mouth, buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, caecum, large intestine and anus.
iii) Mouth leads to the buccal cavity.
iv) Through the pharynx it reaches oesopbagus.
v) Oesophagus opens into the stomach followed by smallintestine.
vi) Caecum ispresent in between the snnall intestine and large intestine.
vii) Caecunm contains bacteria that helps in the digestion of cellulose.
viii) Large intestine has colon and rectum.
ix) It finally opens in to the anus.
x) The digestive glands are salivary glands, gastric glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands. The secretion of digestive glands help in digestion of food in the alimentary canal.


 

Leech is a parasite and sucks the blood of vertebrates and show adaptations.
(i) Suckers are present in the anterior and posterior ends of the body, by which the animal attaches itself to the body of the host.
(ii) The three jaws inside the mouth causes a triradiate or Y shaped wound in the skin of the host.
(iii) Saliva contains a protein called hirudin which prevents the blood clotting. Thus continuous supply of blood is maintained.
(iv) Blood is stored in the crop. It gives nourishment to the leech for several months. Hence, there is no digestive juices and enzyme.

Male Reproductive system
(i) Male reproductive system of rabbit consists of a pair of testes which are ovoid in shape.
(ii) Testes are enclosed by scrotal sacs in the abdominal cavity
(iii) Each testis consists of numerous fine tubules called seminiferous tubules
(iv) This network of tubules lead into a coiled tubule called epididymis, which lead into the sperm duct called vas deferens.
(v) Below the urinary bladder is the urethra. Vas deferens joins the urethra.
(vi) Urethra runs backward and passes into the penis.
(vii) There are three accessory glands namely prostate gland, cowper's gland and perineal gland. Their secretions are involved in reproduction.

Locomotion in leech takes place by
(i) Looping or crawling movement
(ii) Swimming movement.
(i) Looping or Crawling movement:
i). This type of movement is brought about by the contraction and relaxation of muscles.
ii).The two suckers serve for attachment during movement on a substratum.
(ii) Swimming movement:
i). Leeches swim very actively and perform undulating movements in water.

(i) Herbivores have a more specialised digestive system than that of a carnivore because it is more difficult to digest vegetarian than meat.
(ii) Plant material is difficult to digest, particularly plant cellulose.
(iii) The herbivorous animals have a longer intestine than the carnivorous animals giving more time for digestion.
(iv) The teeth is also designed to grind the grass and plant material rather than the sharp teeth of carnivores designed to tear flesh.