Cotton is the most important cash crop of India. It provides raw material to the largest industry of India. India ranks second next to China in the production of cotton.

The major pulse growing areas are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh

The major crops of India are divided into four major categories as follows:
(i) Food crops (wheat, maize, rice, millets, pulses, etc.).
(ii) Cash crops (sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, jute, oilseeds, etc.).
(iii) Plantation crops (tea, coffee, and rubber).
(iv) Horticulture crops (fruits, flowers, and vegetables).

The main sources of irrigation used in different parts of the country are
(i) Canal irrigation
(ii) Well irrigation and
(iii) Tank irrigation

Saline and Alkaline Soils
(i) These are formed due to ill drainage which causes water logging. Area covered by these soils is 68,000 sq.km and constitute 2.8 % of soil in India.
(ii) These soils contain many salts like sodium, magnesium, and calcium, which make them infertile and unfit for agriculture.
(iii) These types of soil are found in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and in the drier parts of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra.

Tea, coffee, rubber, and spices are the major plantation crops of India.

1. Kharif season - June to September
2. Rabi season - October to March
3. Zaid season - April to June

Agriculture is the process of producing food for people, fodder for cattle, fiber and many other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals livestock.

i) Multipurpose Project is a scientific management of water resources in our country. Construction of dam across rivers is aimed at many purposes.
ii) The various purposes of a dam serves are irrigation, hydro power generation, water supply for drinking and industrial purpose, controlling floods, development of fisheries, navigation, etc. Irrigation and hydro-power are the major aims of the projects.

1. Alluvial soil.
2. Black soils.
3. Red soils.
4. Laterite soils.
5. Forest and mountain soil.
6. Arid and desert soils.
7. Saline and alkaline soils.
8. Peaty and marshy soils.