A is correct, R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but, (R) does not explain (A).

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)

c) (A) is true but, (R) is false.

a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explain (A).

a) Both (A) and (R) are true: R explains A.

a) Both (A) and (B) are true R explains A

(c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

(a) Both A and R are correct

b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation

(a) Both A and R are correct

i) Coimbatore, Tirupur and Erode contribute a major share to the state's economy through textiles.
ii) So, this region is referred as "Textile valley of Tamilnadu" Karur is known as the textile capital of Tamil nadu.

Agriculture, industrial development, network of transport and employment opportunities are the reasons for dense population in cities.

i) Using pesticides and chemicals affect the crops and the consumers and leads to land degradation.
ii) Inorganic farming needs surplus of water while organic farming needs less irrigation.
iii) Farmers use cow dung and other natural manure as fertilizers. All these are readily available with the farmers who do not have to but them Organic farming maintains soil productivity.
iv) Hence, farmers switch over from inorganic to organic farming.

Cuddalore is one of the most flood prone districts of the state. It is also one of the cyclone prone districts. Cuddalore has also been affected by Tsunami. Farthquake has also caused some damage in Cuddalore in 2011. So it is a multiprone disaster zone.

i) Tamilnadu is located in the rain shadow region for the wind, which blows from the Arabian Sea.  As a result, TamilNadu receives only a meagre rainfall from this monsoon.

Because it is dissected at many places by the rivers, which drain into the Bay of Bengal.

(i) India is primarily an agricultural country.
(ii) Nearly 50% of the total population is engaged in agriculture and it accounts for 25% of the National income.
(iii) Farmers cultivate in their small landholdings, so small farms are predominant in India.

In India rainfall is not uniform and is highly erratic. Most of the time the rainfall is scanty. So it is necessary to save the available rainwater. In order to prevent surface run off rainwater harvesting is necessary.

Agriculture in India employs more than 50 percent of the population of the country and accounts for about 25 percent of the national income. So agriculture is considered as the backbone of India.

When the altitude increases the temperature decreases. Temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5°C for every 1000 metres of ascent. Hence mountains are cooler than the plains.

India has a tropical monsoon climate because most of India lies in the tropical belt and her climate is influenced by the monsoon winds which mainly blow in the tropics i.e; 20°N and 20°S.

The Western Coastal plain is narrow because the river flowing through this plain do not form any delta.

a) To promote the interests of the Non-Brahmins.
b) Reservation of jobs for Non-Brahmins in government service and seats in representative bodies.
c) The Congress was not prepared to give representation for non-brahmins in the legislature. So EVR left the Congress and joined the non-brahmin movement.
d) Rajaji introduced Hindi as a compulsory subject in schools. It was considered to be a form of Aryan and North Indian imposition against Tamil language and culture. So E.V.R. led a campaign against it.

a) M.P.T. Acharya, V.V. Subramanianar, T.T.S. Rajan, V.O.C. Subramania Bharathi and Subramania Siva
b) Subramania Bharathi moved to Pondicherry to escape imprisonment because Pondicherry was under the French rule.
c) India, Vijaya and Suryodayam.
d) Vanchinathan shot dead Ashe, Collector of Tirunelveli.

a) To promote the interests of its members and their focus was on reduction in taxation. It also protested against the support of the government to Christian missionary activities.
b) When Muthuswami was appointed as Judge, the entire press criticised it because the entire press was owned by Europeans. So a need for a newspaper to express the views of the Indians was keenly felt. It led to the emergence of Nationalist press.
c) It demanded the conduct of simultaneous civil service examination in England and India. It also demanded the abolition of the India Council in London, reduction of taxes and reduction of civil and military expenditure.
d) V.S. Srinivasa Sastri, P.S. Sivasamy, V. Krishnasamy, TR. Venkatramanar, G.A. Natesan, T.M. Madhava Rao and S. Subramaniar.

a) First, he went to Germany, from there he made his way to Japan on a submarine and took control of the Indian National Army.
b) Lakshmi Sahgal headed the women's wing of the Indian National Army.
c) Bose reorganized the INA into three brigades: Gandhi Brigade, Nehru Brigade, and a women’s brigade named after Rani Lakshmi Bai.
d) He gave the slogan ‘Dilli Chalo’.

a) Constructive programme included promotion of Khadi, Hindu Muslim unity and the abolition of untouchability.
b) Gandhi exhorted the Congressmen to spread the message of Khaddar, the message of Hindu Muslim unity and the message of anti - untouchability and to make the youths the real soldiers of Swaraj.
c) Gandhi undertook a 21 day fast between 18 September and 8 October 1924.
d) Gandhi undertook an all India tour called Harijan tour. He started Harijan Sevak Sangh to work for the removal of discriminations. He also undertook fast.

a) In South Africa in-spite of having a first class ticket, Gandhi was physically thrown out of the railway compartment. This is a turning point in Gandhi’s life.
b) Tolstoy’s The Kingdom of God is Within you
i) Ruskin’s Unto this Last. 
ii) Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience.
c) He experimented satyagraha for fighting the issues of immigration and racial discrimination. Even when the police let loose violence no resistance was offered by the satyagrahis.
d) In Champaran the tinkathia system was in practice. The peasants were exploited by the European planters. Gandhi went to Champaran and stood by the side of the peasants in their struggle against the planters. Thanks to his efforts, the tinkathia system was abolished.

a) Appeals, petitions and delegation to Britain.
b) Lala Lajpat Rai, Bala Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal were the three prominent militant nationalists. They were known as Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate
c) Bombay (Mumbai) .
d) The British brutally crushed the Swadeshi movement by jailing prominent leaders for long.

a) Mangal Pandey.
b) The Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II
c) William Howard Russell.
d) Queen Victoria proclaimed that the British would not interfere in traditional institutions and religions matters.

a) The first recorded incident against the moneylenders appeared in May 1875 in Supa, a village near Poona.
b)  The money lenders were allowed to attach the mortgaged land of the defaulters and auction it off.
c) It resulted in the transfer of lands from the cultivators to the non-cultivating classes.
d) Against the money lenders.