(i) After the First World War the Caliph of Turkey was humiliated and deprived of all powers.
(ii) To restore the Caliph the Khilafat Movement was started.
(iii) This movement was started by Ali brothers.

Justice in English, Dravidian in Tamil and Andhra Prakasika in Telugu.

G.S. Arundale, B.P. Wadia and CP Ramaswamy assisted her in this campaign.

The objective of Bharata Matha Society was to kill British officials and thereby kindle patriotic favour among the people.

Gallia and Lavo

The Madras Presidency included large parts of the present -day states of Andhra Pradesh (Coastal districts and Rayalaseema), Karnataka (Bengaluru, Bellary, South Canara), Kerala (Malabar) and even Odisha (Ganjam).

Dadabhai Naoroji, K.T. Telang, Surendranath Banerjee and other prominent leaders apart from G. Subramaniam, Rangaiah and Anandacharlu from Madras.

On 16 May 1884 MMS was started by M. Veeraraghavachari, P. Anandacharlu, P. Rangaiah and few others.

The Hindu and Swadesamitran Indian Patriot, South Indian Mail, Madras Standard Desabhimani, Vijaya, Suryodayam and India.

The struggle against the British took the constitutional path due to the introduction of Western education and eventual emergence of educated Indian middle class.

i) Failure of the Cripps Mission led to the Quit India movement by the Congress.
ii) On 8 August 1942 the Quit India resolution was passed.
iii) Gandhi gave the slogan “Do or Die“.
iv) All the Congress leaders were arrested.
v) In Tamil Nadu Kamaraj worked underground and organized people during the Quit India Movement.
vi) Rajaji and Satyamurti were arrested.
vii) There were many incidents of violence in Tamil Nadu.
viii) Post offices were set fire. Telephone lines were cut off.
ix) Railway services were disrupted.
x) There were a large number of workers strike.
xi) Buckingham and Carnatic mills, Madras Port Trust and Electric Tramway went on strike.
xii) Many public buildings were burnt.
xiii) Students of various colleges took part in the protest.
xiv) The airport in Sulur was attacked.
xv) Trains were derailed in Coimbatore.
xvi) The protestors clashed with the military in Madurai.
xvii) There were police firing. Finally the agitation was suppressed 

i) Rajaji introduced Hindi as a compulsory subject in schools.
ii) This was considered to be a form of Aryan and North Indian imposition detrimental to Tamil language and culture, and therefore caused much public resentment.
iii) E.V.R organised an anti-Hindi Conference at Salem.
iv) The Scheduled Castes Federation and the Muslim League extended its support to the anti- Hindi agitation.
v) Natarajan and Thalamuthu, two of the enthusiastic agitators died in prison.
vi) A rally was organised from Tiruchirappalli to Madras.
vii) More than 1200 protestors including EVR were arrested.
viii) After the resignation of the Congress Ministry, Hindi was removed as compulsory subject.

i) In the Cheranmadevi Gurukulam the students were discriminated on the basis of caste.
ii) Brahmin and Non-Brahmin students were made to dine separately. The food served was also different.
iii) E.V.R. strongly condemned this practice.

i) E.V.R. campaigned vigorously for the promotion and sale of Khadi.
ii) He was against the consumption of liquor.
iii) He played a key role in the satyagraha for temple entry in Vaikom.
iv) In those days the depressed classes were not permitted to enter temples and to walk on the streets around the temple in Vaikom or come within certain distance of the upper castes. He fought against this social evil.
v) In June 1925, the ban on the roads around the temple was lifted. The ban on temple entry was also lifted.
vi) For his contribution against temple entry he was hailed as ‘ Vaikom Hero ’.

i) Reservation of appointments in local bodies and educational institutions was introduced.
ii) Staff Selection Board was established. Later it became the Public Service Commission.
iii) Hindu Religious Endowment Act and Madras State Aid to Industries Act were enacted.
iv) Devadasi system was abolished.
v) Poromboke lands were allotted to the poor for housing.
vi) Primary education was extended to the depressed classes through fee concessions, scholarships and mid-day meals.