(i) The deltaic plain is an extension of the Khadar land. It covers about 1.9 lakh sq.km in the lower reaches of the Ganga River.
(ii) It is an area of deposition as the river flows in this tract sluggishly.
(iii) The deltaic plain consists mainly of old mud, new mud, and marsh.
(iv) In the delta region, the uplands are called 'Chars' while the marshy areas are called 'Bils'.

(i) It is the source for many perennial rivers like Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, etc.
(ii) The Northern Mountains are described as the paradise of tourists due to its natural beauty.

Narmada, Tapti, Mahi and Sabarmathi are the west following rivers of India.

i) This physiographic division is the largest part of the plateau region of India. 
ii) The shape of this plateau is roughly triangular. 
iii) One of the sides of this triangle is marked by the line joining Kanyakumari with Raajmahal Hills and this line passes through the Eastern Ghats. 
iv) The second arm is marked by the Sapura Range, Mahadeo Hills, Maikal Range and the Raajmahal Hills. 
v) The third arm is marked by the Western Ghats. The area of this Plateau is about 7 lakh square km and the height ranges from 500 to 1000 m above sea level. 

The longitudinal difference between Gujarat in the west and Arunachal Pradesh in the east is about 30°. Since Arunachal Pradesh is towards east. it will have sunrise about two hours earlier than the sunrise at Gujarat which is in the west. In order to avoid these differences, Indian Standard Time is calculated. The IST is 5.30 hrs ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

The neighbouring countries of India are Pakistan and Afghanistan in the North-West, China, Nepal and Bhutan in the North and Bangladesh and Myanmar in the East.

(i) Himalayas blocks southwest monsoon winds and causes heavy rainfall to north India.
(ii) It forms a natural barrier to the subcontinent.
(iii) It is the source for many perennial rivers like Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, etc.
(iv) The Northern Mountains are described as the paradise of tourists due to its natural beauty.
(v) Many hill stations and pilgrim centers like Amarnath, Kedarnath, Badrinath, and Vaishnavi Devi temples are situated here.
(vi) It provides raw material for many forest based industries.
(vii) It prevents the cold winds blowing from the central Asia and protects India from severe cold.
(viii) Himalayas are renowned for the rich biodiversity.

i) The rivers in south India are called the Peninsular rivers.
ii) Most of these rivers originate from the Western Ghats.
iii) These are seasonal rivers (non-perennial).
iv) They have a large seasonal fluctuation in volume of water as they are solely fed by rain.
v) These rivers flow in valleys with steep gradients.
vi) Based on the direction of flow, the peninsular rivers are divided into the West flowing and East flowing rivers.
East flowing rivers
a) Mahanadi:
i) The river Mahanadi (851 km) originates near Sihawa in Raipur district of Chattisgarh and flows through Odisha. Seonath, Telen, Sandur, Ib are its major tributaries.
ii) Delta of Mahanadi is one of the largest deltas in India.
b) Godavari
i) Godavari(1,465 km) is the longest of the Peninsular rivers. It is also called Vridha Ganga.
ii) It flows through the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and joins the Bay of Bengal.
iii) Purna, Penganga, Pranitha, Indravathi, Tal & Salami are its major tributaries.
c) Krishna
i) The river Krishna (1,400 km) originates from a spring at a place called Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Peddavagu, Musi, Koyna & Tungabhadra are its major tributaries.
ii) It is the second longest Peninsular river.
iii) It flows through Andhra Pradesh and joins the Bay of Bengal, at Hamsaladeevi.
d) Kaveri
i) The river Kaveri (800 km) originates at Tala kaveri, Kodagu hills of Karnataka.
ii) The river Kaveri is called Dhakshin Ganga or Ganga of south.
iii) The Kaveri breaks at Srirangam island with two channels, river Coleroon (Kollidam) and Kaveri.
iv)  At last, it empties in to the Bay of Bengal at Poompuhar.
West flowing rivers
a) Narmada
i) "The river Narmada (1,312 km) rises in Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh. Burhner,Halon, Heran, Banjar, Dudhi, Shakkar, Tawa, Barna, Kolar are its tributaries.
ii) It is the largest among the west flowing rivers of Peninsular India.
iii) It forms 27 km long estuary before out falling into the Arabian sea through the Gulf of Cambay.
b) Tapti
 i) It is one of only the three rivers in Peninsular India that run from east to west- the others being the Narmada and the Mahi.
 ii) It outfalls into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Cambay.
 iii) Vaki, Gomai, Arunavati, Aner, Nesu, Buray, Panjhra, Bori are its tributariesaki.

The river Godavari is referred as Vridha Ganga because of its large size and extent among peninsular rivers

The Eastern states are called seven sisters because of the similarity between the states in terms of geographical features and interdependence among them in political, social and economic spheres

Marusthali is a Sanskrit name given to the great Indian desert, Marusthali means Land of dead sand' dune which covers the eastern portion of the desert. It extends over 24,000 square miles

The North Indian rivers originate from the snow covered mountains of Himalayas. They get water from the melting of snow from the peaks and also from monsoons.

S. No	Himadri	Himachal
1.	The Greater Himalayas is known as Himadri.	The lesser Himalayas is known as Himachal.
2.	It is the northen most range of the Himalayas	It is the middle range of the Himalayas.
3.	Its height is about 6000 mts	Its height varies from 3700 mts to 45000 mts.
4.	It is about 25 km wide.	It is about 80 km wide.
5.	It receives lesser rainfall than Himachal.	It receives higher rainfall.
6.	Important peaks such as Everest and Kanchen junga are located here.	Important hill stations like Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital, Almora and Darjeeling are located here.

S. No	Himalayan Rivers	Peninsular Rivers
1.	Originate from Himalayas	Originate from Western ghats.
2.	Long and wide.	Short and narrow.
3.	Perennial in nature.	Non-perennial in nature.
4.	Unsuitable for hydro power generation.	Suitable for hydro power generation.
5.	Middle and lower courses are navigable.	Not useful for navigation