Question Set F

CBSE 11th Biology Biological Classification Model Questions Papers Study Material - QB365

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Questions:

Generic 2

5 x 2 = 10

Complete the table given below

Class	Level of organisation	Symmetry	Germ layer
Chondrichthye	(i)	(ii)	(iii)

What are the two layers of seed coat?

Name two characteristic bands that are found in endodermis of dicot root.

List out some freshwater and some marine bony fishes

Mention four industrial importance of lichens.

Generic 3

7 x 3 = 21

Differentiate between neurons and neuroglia.

Sonali, a 7 years old girl was roaming in the .garden, when she saw a butterfly hovering over a flower. She was attracted to the flower and plucked it. On coming back home, she showed it to her brother (a biology graduate student) who scolded her for her action. He explained the importance of flowers for the plants and insects like butterflies honeybees, etc. Sonali realised her mistake and immediately promised not to repeat it.
(i) What is the importance of flower?
(ii) How are insects attracted to flowers?
(iii) Name the different parts of a flower.
(iv) What values are displayed by Sonali?

Which is the first phylum showing a closed circulatory system? What are the advantages of a closed circulatory system over open circulatory system?

Write two characters on the basis of which you can say that Coelenterata is more evolved than Porifera.

10.

Justify the following statements on the basis of external features:
(i) Underground parts of a plant are not always roots.
(ii) Flower is a modified shoot.

11.

What is the general structure of Pteridophytes?

12.

Explain the following terms in relation to Phycomycetes.
(i) Mycelium
(ii) Eucarpy and holocarpy
(iii) Asexual reproduction.

Generic 5

3 x 5 = 15

13.

Rashi, a class VIIstudent was sitting with her mother (who is an editor for Biology). Her mother was insisting her to have some fruits to which Rashi refused repeatedly. Her mother tried convincing her by saying that proper diet is important for growth. Rashi argued saying that even plants grow without taking any food. To this, her mother smiled and explained her how plants make food with the help of leaves.
(i) Name the term used for the process of food production in plants.
(ii) What are the factors required by plants for this process?
(iii) What are the additional function ofleaves.
(iv) What values are shown by Rashi'smother?

14.

How does biodiversity of a geographical location influence the classification of plant and animal species present in that location?

15.

Distinguish between Chordates and Non-Chordates

Multiple Choice Question

13 x 1 = 13

16.

Clhoosc hc correct statement,

(a)

Allmammals are viviparous

(b)

Allcyclostomes do not poSsess jaws and paired fins

(c)

All reptiles have a threc-chamberel heart

(d)

All pisces have gills covercd by an opcrculum.

17.

Which of the statements given below is not true about formation of annual rings in trees?

(a)

Annual rings are not promninent in trees of temperate region.

(b)

Annual ring is a combination of spring wood and autumn wood produced in a year.

(c)

Differential activity of cambium causes light and dark bands of tissue-early and late wood respectively.

(d)

Activity of cambium depends upon variation in climate

18.

Which one of the following is a matching pair of an animal and a-certain phenomenon it exhibits?

(a)

Pheretima - Sexual dimorphism

(b)

Musca - Complete metamorphosis

(c)

Chameleon - Mimicry

(d)

Tuenia - Polymorphism

19.

Pinus seed cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because

(a)

its seeds contain inhibitors that prevent germination

(b)

its embryo is immature

(c)

it has obligate association with mycorrhizae

(d)

it has very hard seed coat

20.

The motile bacteria are able to move by

(a)

fimbriae

(b)

flagella

(c)

cilia

(d)

pili

21.

The vertical section of a dorsiventral leaf through the lamina shows three main parts namely epidermis .A.and vascular system. The epidermis, which covers the upper surface is and lower surface is covered by..C.. of the leaf.Choose the correct option to replace A,B and C

(a)

A-mesophyll, B-adaxial epidermis,,C-abaxial epidermis

(b)

A-endodermis, B-adaxial epidermis. C-abaxial epidermis

(c)

A-endodermis, B-abaxial epidermis. C-adaxial epidermis

(d)

A-mesophyll, B-abaxial epidermis, C-adaxial epidermis

22.

Assertion (A) : Taxonomic studies require correct classification and identification of organisms.
Reason (R) :Taxonomic studies are useful in knowing our bioresources and their diversity.

(a)

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.

(b)

(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the A.

(c)

(d)

(d) A is false,but R is true.

23.

Which of the following is the most abundant tissue in our body?

(a)

Epithelial tissue

(b)

Muscular tissue

(c)

Connective tissue

(d)

Neural tissue

24.

Two common characteristics found in centipede, cockroach and crab, are ______.

(a)

book lungs and antennae.

(b)

jointed legs and chitinous exoskeleton.

(c)

compound eyes and anal cerci.

(d)

green glands and tracheae.

25.

Which of the following tissues is responsible for secondary growth?

(a)

Vascular Cambium

(b)

Cork Cambium

(c)

Secondary Cambium

(d)

both (a) and (b)

26.

Which of the following is the correct definition of tissue?

(a)

Group of variety of cells formed to carry out variety of functions

(b)

Group of variety of cells formed to carry out similar function

(c)

Group of similar cells formed to carry out variety of functions

(d)

Group of similar cells formed to carry out similar functions

27.

Which of the following contains bigger sieve tubes?

(a)

Protophloem

(b)

Metaphloem

(c)

Protoxylem

(d)

Metaxylem

28.

Which of the following is a dead tissue?

(a)

Sclerenchyma

(b)

Chollenchyma

(c)

Parenchyma

(d)

Cortex

Assertion and reason

3 x 1 = 3

29.

Assertion: Tendon is present in all bone joints.
Reason: Tendon connects the bones together and holds them in position.
Codes:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

30.

Assertion: Corm is a highly condensed and specialized underground stem.
Reason: Corm has circular nodes.
Codes:
A) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
B) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
C) If the assertion is true but the reason is false
D) If both the assertion and reason are false
E) If the assertion is false but reason is true

31.

Assertion : Balanoglossus is often considered as 'acorn worms'.
Reason : The word 'acorn worm' has no meaning.
Codes:
A) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
B) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
C) If the assertion is true but the reason is false
D) If both the assertion and reason are false
E) If the assertion is false but reason is true

Case Study Questions

2 x 4 = 8

32.

Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera. They are the most abundant micro-organisms. Bacteria occur almost everywhere. They also live in extreme habitats such as hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans where very few other life forms can survive. Many of them live in or on other organisms as parasites. Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape –the spherical Coccus (pl.: cocci), the rod-shaped Bacillus (pl.: bacilli), the comma-shaped Vibrium (pl.: vibrio) and the spiral Spirillum (pl.: spirilla).
Though the bacterial structure is very simple, they are very complex in behaviour. Compared to many other organisms, bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity. Some of the bacteria are autotrophic, i.e., they synthesise their own food from inorganic substrates. They may be photosynthetic autotrophic or chemosynthetic autotrophic. The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs, i.e., they depend on other organisms or on dead organic matter for food.
Archae bacteria
These bacteria are special since they live in some of the harshest habitats such as extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs (thermoacidophiles) and marshy areas (methanogens). Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure and this feature is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions. Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.
Eubacteria
There are thousands of different eubacteria or ‘true bacteria’. They are characterised by the presence of a rigid cell wall, and if motile, a flagellum. The cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) have chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs. The cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial or filamentous, freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae. The colonies are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath. They often form blooms in polluted water bodies. Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia and use the released energy for their ATP production. They play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, iron and sulphur.
Heterotrophic bacteria are most abundant in nature. The majority are important decomposers. Many of them have a significant impact on human affairs. They are helpful in making curd from milk, production of antibiotics, fixing nitrogen in legume roots, etc. Some are pathogens causing damage to human beings, crops, farm animals and pets. Cholera, typhoid, tetanus, citrus canker are well known diseases caused by different bacteria. Bacteria reproduce mainly by fission. Sometimes, under unfavourable conditions, they produce spores. They also reproduce by a sort of sexual reproduction by adopting a primitive type of DNA transfer from one bacterium to the other. The Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell wall. They are the smallest living cells known and can survive without oxygen. Many mycoplasma are pathogenic in animals and plants.
(1) _____________bacteria is responsible for formation of biogas from cow dung / organic waste
(a) cyanobacteria
(b) Halophiles
(c) Thermoacidophiles
(d) Methanogens
(2) _______________ are the bacteria that can grow and thrive in salty areas.
(a) Methanogens
(b) Halophobic
(c) Halophiles
(d) Thermoacidophiles
(3) true bacteriaare characterised by ______________
(a) Rigid Cell wall
(b) Flagellum present for locomotion
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of the above
(4) Name the eubacteria which is also referred as blue green algae.
(5) What is heterocyst?
(6) What is the thermoacidophiles?

33.

The epidermal tissue system forms the outer-most covering of the whole plant body and comprises epidermal cells, stomata and the epidermal appendages – the trichomes and hairs. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the primary plant body. It is made up of elongated, compactly arranged cells, which form a continuous layer. Epidermis is usually single layered. Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole. The outside of the epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer called the cuticle which prevents the loss of water. Cuticle is absent in roots. Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves. Stomata regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange. Each stoma is composed of two bean shaped cells known as guard cells which enclose stomatal pore. In grasses, the guard cells are dumb-bell shaped. The outer walls of guard cells are thin and the inner walls are highly thickened. The guard cells possess chloroplasts and regulate the opening and closing of stomata. Sometimes, a few epidermal cells, in the vicinity of the guard cells become specialised in their shape and size and are known as subsidiary cells. The stomatal aperture, guard cells and the surrounding subsidiary cells are together called stomatal apparatus.
The cells of epidermis bear a number of hairs. The root hairs are unicellular elongations of the epidermal cells and help absorb water and minerals from the soil. On the stem the epidermal hairs are called trichomes. The trichomes in the shoot system are usually multicellular. They may be branched or unbranched and soft or stiff. They may even be secretory. The trichomes help in preventing water loss due to transpiration.
1.) Which of the following cell regulates the opening and closing of guard cell.
a.) Epidermal cell
b.) Guard cell
c.) Subsidiary cell
d.) Trichomes
2.) Which of the following components are known as epidermal appendages.
a.) Trichomes
b.) Hairs
c.) Trichomes & Hairs
d.) Stomata
3.) Define cuticles and give its function.
4.) What is trichomes?
5.) Write short note on stomata?

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Answers Key:

Generic 2

5 x 2 = 10

(i) Organ system organisation.
(ii) Bilateral symmetry.
(iii) Triploblastic germ layers

Testa is the outer hard layer of seed coat, while tegmen is inner thin layer of seed coat.

Casparian strips or carsparian strps or casparian bands.

Freshwater bony fishes Labeo, rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhina mrigala, Cyprio corpio.
Marine bony fishes Hilsa, Harpodon, Stromateus

Lichens are industrially important in the following ways :
(i) They are used to make perfumes and soaps.
(ii) They are used to obtain alcohol after brewing and distillation.
(iii) Their absence in the environment indicates air pollution.
(iv) They are used to create medicines to various lung diseases and hydrophobia.

Generic 3

7 x 3 = 21

Differences between neurons and neuroglia are

Neurons	Neuroglia
They conduct nerve impulses.	They form packing around the nerve cells in the central nervous system. Some are phagocytic in nature
They have two types of processes, i.e., axon and dendron	They have only one type of process.
They form synapse.	They do not form synapse
They cannot divide	They can divide

(i) Flower contains androecium and gynoecium for the reproduction.
(ii) Insects are attracted to the flowers by their colour and fragrance.
(iii) Calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium are different parts of a flower.
(iv) Realisation of mistake, love towards nature and never repeatation of mistake are the values displayed by Sonali

Annelida is the first phylum showing a closed circulatory system. In open circulatory system blood is directly supplied to tissues. In closed circulatory system special tubes are in place to circulate blood. This is more efficient in circulating blood in larger and complex organisms. So all higher organisms have closed circulatory system.

(a) Porifera shows cellular level of organization, while Coelenterata shows tissue level of organisation.
(b) All members of Porifera are sessile, i.e. they are attached to the substratum, while some members of Coelenterata are motile, showing further improvement.

10.

(i) In some plants stems remain underground to carry out some additional functions, like food storage and vegetative reproduction. For example, potatoes are modified form of underground stems.
(ii) When the stem takes on the role of sexual reproduction it is modified into a flower. That is why flower is often called a modified shoot.

11.

1. The main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. These organs possess well-differentiated vascular tissues.
2. The leaves in pteridophyta are small (microphylls) as in Selaginella or large (macrophylls) as in ferns.
3. The sporophytes bear sporangia that are subtended by leaf-like appendages called sporophylls. In some cases sporophylls may form distinct compact structures called strobili or cones (Selaginella, Equisetum).

12.

(i) Mycelium : Mycelium is coenocytic and non-septate or aseptate. Septa are formed only in connection with separation of old senescent parts and delimitation of reproductive structures.
(ii) Eucarpy and holocarpy : In eucarpy, only a portion of somatic body is transformed into reproductive body. In holocarpy, transformation of the somatic body into reproductive structure is found in only some primitive forms.
(iii) Asexual reproduction : It involves the formation of sporangia. The sporangia function as conidia in dry habitats as zoosporangia under wet conditions.

Generic 5

3 x 5 = 15

13.

(i) Photosynthesis
(ii) The factors are CO2 , water, temperature, light, etc.
(iii) Additional functions of leaves are interchange of gases (through stomata) and evaporation of water.
(iv) Values shewn are caring nature and concern for her child's health as well as knowledge of the subject.

14.

The biodiversity of a geographical location may influence the classification in following ways:
i) If there is rich biodiversity then it means number of characters will be in plenty to study.
ii) More characters will give scientists more clues about possible variations.
iii) Similarity in characters would indicate towards phylogenetic relation between two or more species.
iv) On the other hand, if a given geographical area is poor in biodiversity then it becomes difficult to study more characters and one has to rely on limited set of characters.
v) Rich biodiversity means more resources and more reproduction leading to increased competition for survival. This can lead to emergence of certain new variations. These variations can lead to emergence of an altogether new species.
vi) One example can be recent discovery of a frog species from the Himalayan region. As Himalayan region is rich in biodiversity so it gives fertile ground for a new species to emerge.

15.

Differences between Chordates and Non-Chordates are given below

Chordates	Non-Chordates
Notochord is present atleast in some stages of development	Notochord is absent
Central nervous system is dorsal, hollow, single and non-ganglionated	Central nervous system is ventral, solid, double and gangliolated
Gill slits present on lateral side of pharynx in sum stages or throughout the life	Gill slits are absent
Tail is present in some stages and throughout the life	Tail is generally absent
Heart is ventral	Heart is dorsal
Haemoglobin is present in RBCs	It is present in plasma

Multiple Choice Question

13 x 1 = 13

16.

(b)
Allcyclostomes do not poSsess jaws and paired fins

17.

(a)
Annual rings are not promninent in trees of temperate region.

18.

(b)
Musca - Complete metamorphosis

19.

20.

(b)
flagella

21.

(a)
A-mesophyll, B-adaxial epidermis,,C-abaxial epidermis

22.

(b)
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the A.

23.

24.

(b)
jointed legs and chitinous exoskeleton.

25.

(d)
both (a) and (b)

26.

(b)
Group of variety of cells formed to carry out similar function

27.

(b)
Metaphloem

28.

(a)
Sclerenchyma

Assertion and reason

3 x 1 = 3

29.

(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation:
It is not tendon but another type of connective tissue called ligament which is present in most of the bone joints and connect the bones together. Ligament also helps in holding the bones in position. Tendon, on the the other hand, is a dense, strong, fibrous connective tissue which forms strong inextensible attachment of a skeletal muscle to a bone

30.

B) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
Explanation:
Corm is short, thick, swollen, usually unbranched, spherical or sub spherical stem which grows vertically in the soil and is formed annually. A corm bears a number of circular nodes with scales which represent thin sheathing leaf bases of fallen dead leaves.

31.

C) If the assertion is true but the reason is false
Explanation:
Balanoglossus belong to class enteropneusta. In certain cases, the proboscis pore does not communicate with the proboscis coelom, but terminate blindly, and may send off a narrow tubular diverticulum which opens into the neurocoel. The proboscis sits in the collar somewhat like an acorn in its cup, a character that has given the name ?acorn worm? to the group.

Case Study Questions

2 x 4 = 8

32.

(1) d. Methanogens
(2) c. Halophiles
(3) c. Both a and b
(4) The cyanobacteria is also referred to as blue-green algae, they have chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs.
(5) Heterocyst is the specialised cells which facilitate the nitrogen fixation. It is found in cyanobacteria e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena.
(6) Thermoacidophiles are the bacteria that can survive, grow and thrive in extreme hot temperature condition and acidic environments

33.

1.) b.Guard cell
2.) c.Trichomes & Hairs
3.) Cuticle – The outside of the epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer called the cuticle.
Function of cuticle –prevents the loss of water.
4.) The cells of epidermis bear a number of hairs. Epidermal hairs present on the stem are called as trichomes.
5.) Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves. Stomata regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange. Each stoma is composed of two bean shaped cells known as guard cells which enclose stomatal pore. In grasses, the guard cells are dumb-bell shaped. The outer walls of guard cells are thin and the inner walls are highly thickened. The guard cells possess chloroplasts and regulate the opening and closing of stomata. Sometimes, a few epidermal cells, in the vicinity of the guard cells become specialised in their shape and size and are known as subsidiary cells. The stomatal aperture, guard cells and the surrounding subsidiary cells are together called stomatal apparatus. (Draw diagram).