Huygens.

The two most important contributions of Albert Einstein are 'theory of relativity' and 'explanation of photoelectric effect'.

The statement of great British physicist PAM Dirac is partially true.
e.g. F = ma, E = mc² are some of the simple and beautiful equations of physics which have universal application.
However, this is not the case always. The equations involved in general theory of simple nor beautiful. They are rather difficult to understand.

It is well known that to win over votes, politicians would make anything and everything possible even when they are least sure of the same. That is why, we say that politics is the art of possible.
The statement that science is the art of the soluble implies that a wide variety of physical phenomena are understood in terms of only a few basic concepts, i.e. there appears to be unity in diversity as if widely different phenomena are soluble in a few theories and can be explained in terms of only a few fundamental laws.

The statement is true, e.g. in ancient times, Ptolemy postulated that earth is stationary and all the heavenly bodies like sun, stars, planets etc., revolve around earth. Later, an Italian scientist, Galileo postulated that sun is stationary and earth along with other planets is revolving around the sun.
Galileo was punished by the authorities for spreading wrong concepts. However, later on. Newton and Kepler supported Galileo's theory and now it is no more than a dogma.

No, it is not true. Physics has unlimited scope and its conceptual base can be noticed in immense number of activities/ fields. Can a cricket or a hockey player say that physics has nothing to do with his game? No, he is using collision phenomenon every second of his game along with Newton's laws of motion. Can you say that you walk without physics, talk without physics, eat without physics and so on, all that need friction. A musician uses physics. Physics is applied in every walk of life. Therefore we can not say that physics is noticed only in the practice of few blessed ones.

The end of 20th century is a witness of the intricate relation between science and society. If one can say that it has entered the nerves of the society, it will not be an exaggeration. Even the marriages are being fixed on internet and celebrated in aeroplanes. Think of discos. You can make images of criminals by computers apart from host of other activities like reservation, animation, designing, printing etc. These effects on society are in addition to the ones which revolutionized and societies by mechanical revolution of first half of the 20th century like X-rays, nuclear energy, wireless, satelite, electronics, computer and robots

Three important discoveries of physics, which have revolutionised modem chemistry, are:
(i) study of radioactivity.
(ii) quantum theory
(iii) study of isotopes and determination of their masses by mass spectrographs.

The explanation given in option (b) strikes as a scientific explanation.

Science is a search of truth. Each discovery, either it is good or bad for our society should be made public. The reason is that a discovery, which appears bad or dangerous today for our society may be useful for us later on.
We should make public aware about misuse of discoveries and technologies. e.g., nuclear fission can be used in developing atom bomb also.

Imagine you along with your friends are in a spaceship which is moving towards Mars. The body of the speceship is made of a specially designed matter which become more harder as its temperature increases. nuclear power plants in spaceship.
Two of them work alternatively and third is for emergency. The speed of the spaceship is very high and all of you are very happy. The energy produced in power plants are converted into electric energy which runs the motors of the spaceship.
You along with your friends reach safely on Mars, collects data, takes photographs and then returns to the Earth. In return journey is working and due to overheating. its efficiency is decreasing continuously.
You and your friends try to reduce the temperature of the plant and try to repair the fuse of the other power plants.
Finally, fuse of one other plant is repaired and start to work before the first plant crosses the danger limit of an excess of temperature. Finally, you and your friends return safely on Earth.

(i) Mass vaccination is good as, it is used to make the socity free from the diseases like small pox.
(ii) Television for eradication of illiteracy and for mass communication of news and ideas is good as, it is a medium which is easily within the reach of common man and also they are very habitual to it.
(iii) Prenatal sex determination is bad because people are misusing it. Some of the people after determination of sex of child, think to abort. They do it especially with girl child.
(iv) Computer for increase in work efficiency is good as using the computer, a man can do much more work with greater efficiency and accuracy.
(v) Putting artificial satellite into orbits around the Earth is good for development as these satellites serve many purpose like remote sensing, weather foresting.
(vi) Development of nuclear weapons is bad as they can be used in mass destruction.
(vii) Development of new and powerful tool of chemical and biological warfare are bad, as they can also be used for mass destruction.
(viii) Purification of water for drinking purpose is good as we can save ourself from the diseases which we can have due to drinking of the water.
(ix) Plastic surgery is good as with the help of it a man or women can remove the skin defects occurring due to accident or some other reasons. It has some bad effects too but they are not very considerable.
(x) Cloning is good as far as animals are concerned. With the help of it, we can develop some species of animals which can be used to serve some specific purpose. But it is not good for human beings.