1. Muslims brought their musical instruments like Rabab and Sarangi. Amir Khusrau proclaimed that Indian music had a pre- eminence over all the other music of the world.
2. The Sufi practice of Sama, recitation of love poetry to the accompaniment of music, was instrumental in promotion of music.
3. PirBhodan, a Sufi saint, was considered a great musician of the age.

1. Iltutmish organized a Corps of Forty, all drawn from Turkish nobility and selected persons from this Forty for appointments in military and civil administration.
2. The Corps of Forty became so powerful to the extent of disregarding the wishes of Iltutmish, and after his death, to place Rukn-ud-Din Firoz on the throne.

1. The Turko-Afghan political conquests were followed by large- scale Muslim social migrations from Central Asia. India was seen as a land of opportunity.
2. The society in all stages was based on privileges with the higher classes enjoying a better socio-economic life with little regard of one's religion.

1. FiruzTughlaq followed a conciliatory policy towards the nobles and theologians.
2. Firuz restored the property of the owners who had been deprived of it during the reign of Muhammad Tughlaq.

1. Ala-ud-din sent a large army commanded by Malik Kafur in 1307 to capture Devagiri fort.
2. Following Devagiri, Prataparudradeva, the Kakatiya ruler of Warangal in the Telengana region, was defeated in 1309.
3. In 1310 the Hoysala ruler ViraBallala III surrendered all his treasures to the Delhi forces.

1. Arab military expedition in 712 and subsequent Ghaznavid and the Ghori military raids, intended to loot and use the resources seized to strengthen their power in Central Asia, created a relationship of the conqueror and the conquered.
2. Following the invasion of Afghanistan by Khurasan (Eastern Iran) Shah and later by Chengiz Khan severed the ties of North India Sultanate with Afghanistan.

1. The Delhi Sultanate deserves to be considered an all-India empire.
2. Virtually all of India, exeept Kashmir and Kerala at the far ends of the subcontinent, and a few small tracts in between them had come under the direct rule of Delhi towards the close of Muhammad bin Tughlaq's rule.
3. There were no well-defined and accepted rules of royal succession and therefore contested succession became the norm during the Sultanate.
4. The Sultans required the holders of iqta's (called muqtis or walis) to maintain troops for royal service out of the taxes collected by them.
5. Certain areas were retained by the Sultans under their direct control (khalisa).
6. It was out of the revenue collected from such areas that they paid the officers and soldiers of the sultan's own troops (hashm-i qalb).

1. Ala-ud-din collected land taxes directly from the cultivators. The village headman who traditionally enjoyed the right to collect them was now deprived of it.
2. The tax pressure of Ala-ud-din was on the rich and not on the poor.
3. Ala-ud-din set up the postal system to keep in touch with all parts of his sprawling empire.