By QB365 on 31 Dec, 2022
QB365 provides a detailed and simple solution for every Possible Questions in Class 11 Biology Subject - Important 3 Mark English Medium. It will help Students to get more practice questions, Students can Practice these question papers in addition to score best marks.
11th Standard
Biology
Answer All The Questions
Write the distinguishing features of Monera.
Do you think shape of chloroplast is unique for algae? Justify your answer.
Differentiate between aggregate fruit with multiple fruit.
Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Describe the types of RNA.
Differentiate between probiotics and pathogenic bacteria.
Compare Schizocoelom with enterocoelom.
List the unique features of bird's endoskeleton.
Differentiate between male and female cockroach?
How do proteins differ from fats in their energy value and their role in the body?
Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.
Which of these functions could or could not be carried out by a red blood cell? Briefly justify your answer.
a. Protein synthesis
b. Cell division
c. Lipid synthesis
d. Active transport
Protein synthesis
Cell division
Lipid synthesis
Active transport
Identify the biological term
Excretion, glomerulus, urinary bladder, glomerular filtrate, ureters,urine, Bowman’s capsule, urinary system, reabsorption, micturition, osmosis, proteins.
a. A liquid which gathers in the bladder.
b. Produced when blood is filtered in a Bowman’s capsule.
c. Temporary storage of urine.
d. A ball of inter twined capillaries.
e. Removal of unwanted substances from the body.
f. Each contains a glomerulus.
g. Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
h. Scientific term for urination.
i. Regulation of water and dissolved substances in blood and tissue fluid.
j. Consists of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.
k. Removal of useful substances from glomerular filtrate.
l. What solute the blood contains that are not present in the glomerular filtrate?
How does an isotonic contraction take place?
Sam's optometrist tells him that his intraocular pressure is high. What is this condition called and which fluid does it involve?
Comment on the functions of adrenalin.
What are the Nutritive values of fishes?
What are Sieve tubes ? Explain.
If the concentration of salt in the soil is too high and the plants may wilt even if the field is thoroughly irrigated. Explain
When there is plenty of light and higher concentration of O2, what kind of pathway does the plant undergo? Analyse the reasons.
How will you calculate net products of one sucrose molecule upon complete oxidation during aerobic respiration as per recent view?
What is transduction? Mention the types.
List out any three method of sexual reproduction in fungi.
Describe the sporophyte of non-vascular cryptogam.
Explain G1 phase of cell cycle.
Mention any two industrial uses of enzymes
Why are sparrows listed as endangered species?
Name the excretory organs found in different animals (any four with examples).
Give three examples of multi cellular exocrine glands based on their mode of secretion.
Write down the difference between the male and female cockroaches.
Answers
S.No | Criteria | Monera |
1. | Cell type | Prokaryotic |
2. | Level of organization |
Mostly unicellular, rarely Multicellur |
3. | Cell wall | Present (made up of peptidoglycan and mucopeptides) |
4. | Nutrition | Autotrophic (Phototrophic, Chemoautotrophic) Heterotrophic (Parasitic and Saprophytic) |
5. | Motility | Motile or non-motile |
6. | Organisms | Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetes and Mycoplasma |
Yes, the shape of chloroplast is unique for algae.
S.No | Shapes | Examples |
1 | Cup shaped | Chlamydomonas |
2 | Discoid | Chara |
3 | Girdle shaped | Ulothrix |
4 | Reticulate | Oedogonium |
5 | Spiral | Spirogyra |
6 | Stellate | Zygnema |
7 | Plate like | Mougeoutia |
S.No. | Aggregate fruit | Multiple fruit |
1 | Aggregate fruits develop from a single fl ower having an apocarpous pistil. each of the free carpel develops into a simple fruitlet. A collection of simple fruitlets makes an Aggregate fruit. An individual ovary develops into a drupe, achene, follicle or berry | A Multiple or composite fruit develops from the whole infl orescence along with its peduncle on which they are borne |
2 | Eg: Polyalthia | Eg: Pineapple |
S.no | Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes |
1 | It is unicellular | It is unicellular and Multicellular |
2 | Many prokaryotes contain a single circular chromosome | Eukaryotes contain multiple linear chromosomes |
3 | Prokaryotic chromosomes are condensed in the nucleiod via DNA super coiling | Eukaryotic chromosomes are condensed in membrane bound nucleus via histones |
4 | In prokaryotes transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm | In eukaryotes transcription occurs in nucleus and translation occurs in cytoplasm |
5 | Most prokaryotes contain only one copy of each gene that is they are haploid | Most eukaryotes contain two copies of each gene that is they are diploid |
6 | Extra chromosomal DNA (i.e.) plasmids are present Eg: Bacteria | Plasmids are absent. Eg: Plant cell, Animal cell |
Ribonucleic acid (RNA): Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA is single stranded and is unstable when compared to DNA.
Types of RNA:
1. mRNA (messenger RNA) - Single stranded, carries a copy of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins. It is very unstable and comprises 5% of total RNA polymer. Prokaryotic mRNA (Polycistronic) carry coding sequences for many polypeptides. Eukaryotic mRNA (Monocistronic) contains information for only one polypeptide.
2. tRNA (transfer RNA) - Translates the code from mRNA and transfers amino acids to the ribosome to build proteins. It is highly folded into an elaborate 3D structure and comprises about 15% of total RNA. It is also called as soluble RNA.
3. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - Single stranded, metabolically stable, make up the two subunits of ribosomes. It constitutes 80% of the total RNA. It is a polymer with varied length from 120 - 3000 nucleotides and gives ribosomes their shape. Genes for rRNA are highly conserved and employed for phylogenetic studies.
Probiotics | Pathogenic bacteria |
Probiotic bacteria are beneficial. | Pathogenic bacteria are harmful. |
Probiotic bacteria may be decomposers, photosynthetic and few may be pathogenic. | All are pathogenic and causing diseases. |
1. Eucoelom or true coelom is a fluid-filled cavity that develops within the mesoderm and is lined by mesodermal epithelium called peritoneum.
2. Such animals with a true body cavity are called eucoelomates
3. Based on the mode of formation of coelom, the eucoelomates are classified into two types,
i) Schizocoelomate animals - In these animals the body cavity is formed by splitting of mesoderm. Eg: Annelids, Arthropods, Molluscs.
ii) Enterocoelomate animals - In these animals the body cavity is formed from the mesodermal pouches of archenteron. Eg: Echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates.
(i) Feathered vertebrates like birds have endoskeleton.
(ii) Flying birds have air filled hollow bones due to extension of air sacs of lungs. These bones are called as pneumatic bones.
(iii) In flying birds bones are very much demineralised.
(iv) In flying birds striated flight muscles well attached with carina of sternum.
(v) While in flightless birds bones are hard, compact and not filled by air but striated muscles are well attached to bones for leading, running and walking.
S.No | Character | Male Cockroach | Female Cockroach |
1. | Abdomen | Long and narrow | Short and broad |
2. | Segments | In the abdomen, nine segments are visible | In the abdomen, seven segments are visible |
3. | Anal styles | Present | Absent |
4. | Terga | 7th tergum covers 8th tergum | 7th tergum covers 8th and 9th terga |
5. | Brood pouch | Absent | Present |
6. | Antenna | Longer in length | Shorter in Length |
7. | Wings | Extends beyond the tip of abdomen | Extends up to end of abdomen |
S.No | Proteins | Fats |
1 | Yield energy if carbohydrates and fats are not available. |
Yield secondary concentrated source of energy. |
2. | Nitrogenous wastes are mostly formed. | Less formed. |
3. | Involve in growth and repair of the body. |
Involve in growth of the body and serve as the reserve food. |
4. | The caloric value and physiological fuel value of one gram of protein are 5.65 kcal and 4 kcal are respectively ICMR and WHO suggested that. |
The caloric value of 9.45 kcal and a physiological fuel value of 9 kcal per gram. |
5. | 1 gm/1kg of body weight needs proteins. |
4 gm/60 kg of body weight needs |
Conditions which create the problems in O2 transport:
(i) Poor ventilation.
(ii) Less quantity of haemoglobin.
(iii) Anaemia
(iv) Histo toxic conditions of tissue fluid.
(v) Inability for the transport of O2 into cell due to cellular disorder.
Active transport
(a) Urine
(b) Glomerular filtrate
(c) Urinary bladder
(d) afferent and efferent arterioles and venules of renel artery and renel vein.
(e) Excretion
(f) Bowman's capsule
(g) Ureters
(h) Micturition
(i) Balance of electrolytes minerals and organics
(j) excretory system
(k) micturition
(l) glucose, amino acid and liquids
Isotonic contraction (iso-same, tonweight/ resistance)
1. In isotonic contraction the length of the muscle changes but the tension remains constant.
2. Here, the force produced is unchanged.
3. Eg: Lifting dumbbells and weight lifting.
1. Aqueous humor supplies nutrients and oxygen to the lens, cornea and some retinal cells.
2. The aqueous humor is produced and drained at the same rate, maintaining a constant intra ocular pressure of about 16 mmHg.
3. Any block in the canal of schlemm increases the intra ocular pressure of aqueous humor and leads to 'Glaucoma' where the optic nerve and the retina are compressed due to pressure.
(i) Adrenalin hormones secreted by adrenal medulla
(ii) Adrenal medulla secretes the hormones adrenalin and noradrenalin and are referred as 3F Hormones ie [fight, flight and fright hormones]
(iii) During emergency it increases heartbeat rate and blood pressure.
(iv) Adrenalin increases liver glycogen breakdown into glucose and increases the release of fatty acids from fat cells.
(v) It stimulates the smooth muscles of cutaneous and visceral arteries to decrease blood flow.
(vi) It increase blood flow to the skeletal muscles thereby increases the metabolic rate of skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles and nervous tissue.
Nutritive values of fishes:
1. Fishes farm a rich source of protein food and provide a good staple food to tide over the nutritional needs of man.
2. Fish species such as sardines, mackerel, tuna, herrings have high amino acids concentrations particularly histidine which is responsible for the meaty flavor of the flesh.
3. It is rich in fat such as omega 3 fatty acids. Minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, iodine and copper.
4. Some of the by-products are fish oil, fish meal, Isinglass.
(i) Sieve tubes are long tube like conducting elements in the phloem.
(ii) These are formed from a series of cells called sieve tube elements.
(iii) The sieve tube elements are arranged one above the other and form vertical sieve tube.
(iv) The end wall contains a number of pores and it looks like a sieve hence called as sieve plate.
(v) These elements show nacreous thickenings on their lateral walls with simple or compound sieve plates.
(vi) The function of sieve tubes are believed to be controlled by companion cells.
(vii) In mature sieve tube, Nucleus is absent and it contains a lining layer of cytoplasm with special protein called slime body in it.
(viii) In mature sieve tubes, the pores in the sieve plate are blocked by a substance called callose.
(ix) The conduction of food material takes place through cytoplasmic strands.
(x) Sieve tubes occur only in Angiosperms.
High concentration of salt in the soil leads to high osmotic potential, which may a result in wilting of plants due to following reasons.
(a) This may be due to osmotic withdrawal of water from a cell or system when it is placed in a hypertonic solution called Exosmosis.
(b) Exosmosis in a plant cell leads to plasmolysis. As a result of water loss in the cell protoplasm shrinks and the cell membrane is pulled away from the cell wall and finally the cell becomes flaccid.
The plants undergoes Photorespiration.
(i) It is the excess respiration taking place in photosynthetic cells due to absence of CO2 and increase of O2.
(ii) This condition changes the carboxylase role of RUBISCO into oxygenase.
Stages | ATP | NADH2 | FADH2 | Total ATPs |
Glycolysis Link reaction Kreb's cycle |
2 - 2 |
2 \(\times\) 2.5 2 \(\times\) 2.5 6 \(\times\) 2.5 |
0 |
7 5 20 |
4 ATPs | 25 ATPs | 3 ATPs | 32 ATPs |
Phage mediated DNA transfer is called transduction. It is of two types.
1. Generalised transduction.
2. Specialized or Restricted transduction.
(i) Sexual reproduction is present but sex organs are absent. Somatogamy or spermatisation results in plasmogamy.
(ii) Karyogamy is delayed and dikaryotic phase is prolonged.
(iii) Karyogamy takes place in basidium and it is immediately followed by meiotic division.
(i) The embryo divides and give rise to sporophyte.
(ii) The sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte.
(iii) It is differentiated into three recognizable parts namely foot, seta and capsule.
(iv) Foot is the basal portion and is embedded in the gametophyte through which water and nutrients are supplied for the sporophyte.
(v) The diploid spore mother cells found in the capsule region undergoes meiotic division and give rise to haploid spores. Bryophytes are homosporous.
(vi) In some sporophytes elaters are present and help in dispersal of spores. ego Marchantia.
(vii) The spores germinate to produce gametophyte.
The first gap phase - 2C amount of DNA in cells of G1. The cells become metabolically active and grows by producing proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and cell organelles including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Many checkpoints control the cell cycle. The checkpoint called the restriction point at the end of G1, determines a cells fate whether it will continue in the cell cycle and divide or enter a stage called Go as a quiescent stage and probably as specified cell or die. Cells are arrested in G1 due to:
(i) Nutrient deprivation.
(ii) Lack of growth factors or density dependent inhibition.
(iii) Undergo metabolic changes and enter into Go state.
Biochemicals inside cells activates the cell division. The proteins called kinases and cyclins activate genes and their proteins to perform cell division. Cyclins act as major checkpoint which operates in G1 to determine whether or not a cell divides.
S.No | Enzyme | Application |
---|---|---|
1 | Bacterial protease | Biological detergents |
2 | Bacterial glucose isomerase | Fructose syrup manufacture |
3 | Amylases | Removal of starch in woven cloth production |
Reasons for reduction in Population of sparrows:
1. Absence of native plants which provide habitats (shelter, insects as food etc.)
2. Grocery stores being replaced with Supermarkets (gunny bags were pecked by sparrows for grains earlier.)
3. Cell phone radiation from Towers. Sparrow population is disappearing. fast. Thus it is important to conserve sparrows which is becoming endangered because every animal is an important link is an ecosystem.
Excretory organ | Animal |
1. Flame cells /Solenocytes | Flatworms |
2. Nephridia | Annelids |
3. Malpighian tubules | Insects |
4. Kidneys | Vertebrates |
5. Green glands | Crustaceans |
(a) Merocrine tissue
(b) Holocrine tissue
(c) Apocrine tissue
Character | Male Cockroach | Female Cockroach |
---|---|---|
Abdomen | Long and narrow. | Short and broad |
Segments | In the abdomen, nine segments are visible. | In the abdomen, seven segments are visible. |
Analstyles | Present. | Absent. |
Terga | 7th tergum covers 8th tergum. | 7th tergum covers 8th and 9th terga |
Brood pouch | Absent. | Present. |
Antenna | Longer in length. | Shorter in length |
Wings | Extends beyond the tip of abdomen | Extends up to the end of abdomen |