By QB365 on 31 Dec, 2022
QB365 provides a detailed and simple solution for every Possible Questions in Class 11 Biology Subject - Revision Model Question Paper, English Medium. It will help Students to get more practice questions, Students can Practice these question papers in addition to score best marks.
11th Standard
Biology
PART-I
Note : i ) All Questions Are Compulsory.
ii) Choose The Most Suitable Answer From The Given
Four Correct Alternatives.
Which one of the following statement about virus is correct?
Possess their own metabolic system
They are facultative parasites
They contain DNA or RNA
Enzymes are present
Which of following represents gametophytic generation in pteridophytes?
Prothallus
Thallus
Cone
Rhizophore
Which of the following is the correct statement?
In Pisum sativum leaflets modified into tendrils
In Atalantia terminal bud is modified into thorns
In Nepenthes midrib is modified into lid
In Smilax inflorescence axis is modified into tendrils
Which of the following is not present in same rank?
Primata
Orthoptera
Diptera
Insecta
The respiratory pigment in cockroach is _____.
Haemoglobin
Haemocyanin
Oxyhaemoglobin
None of the above
The location and numbers of malpighian tubules in Periplaneta.
At the junction of midgut and hindgut, about 150.
At the junction of foregut and midgut, about 150
Surrounding gizzard, eight.
At the junction of colon and rectum, eight.
After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to ______.
more CO2 in the blood
more O2 in the blood
less CO2 in the blood
less O2 in the blood
Why is the velocity of blood flow the lowest in the capillaries?
The systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle, which has a lower cardiac output than the right ventricle
Capillaries are far from the heart, and blood flow slows as distance from the heart increases
The total surface area of the capillaries is larger than the total surface area of the arterioles
The capillary walls are not thin enough to allow oxygen to exchange with the cells
The functional unit of a muscle fibre is ______.
sarcomere
sarcoplasm
myosin
actin
Examine the diagram of the two cell types A and B given below and select the correct option.
Cell-A is the rod cell found evenly all over retina
Cell-A is the cone cell more concentrated in the fovea centralis
Cell-B is concerned with colour vision in bright light
Cell-A is sensitive to bright light intensities
They develop from single ovary where the pericarp dry.
Hesperidium
Pome
Balausta
Dry Fruit
___________ proposed DNA barcoding and considered as Father of barcoding.
Paul Fehling
John Ray
Paul Hebert
Camp & Gilly
Placenta and pericarp are both edible portions in __________
apple
banana
tomato
potato
Identify the structure.
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
None of these
Phospholipids serve as major structural component of ___________
Feathers
Cell membrane
Leaves
Skin
PART-II
Note : i
) Answer any Six Questions and Question.No: 24 is compulsory.
In a forest, if the bark of a tree is damaged by the horn of a deer, How will the plant overcome the damage?
What are enzymes involved in phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions in EMP pathways?
How do living things grow?
Explain Specialized Transduction or Restricted Transduction.
Write about the structure & function of pili.
Define Halophytic alga.
Define stele.
Write in a tabular form giving information about the partial pressure of respiratory gases in different regions of the respiratory system and in tissues.
Name the functions of Albumin and Globulin
PART-II
Note : i ) Answer any Six Questions and Question.No: 33 is compulsory.
Sam's optometrist tells him that his intraocular pressure is high. What is this condition called and which fluid does it involve?
Write the advantages of vermicomposting.
How phosphorylase enzyme open the stomata in starch sugar interconversion theory?
Why the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique gives excellent job of showing soft tissues and blood vessels?
Identify the diagram and label any 2 parts.
Bring out the characteristic features of Dicotyledons & Monocotyledons.
Name the types of aquatic habitat with examples.
Explain tap root modification.
How does an isotonic contraction take place?
PART-IV
Note : i ) Write all the following questions.
Write the similarities and difference between
a. Radical buds and foliar buds
b. Phylloclade and cladode
Explain the different types of fleshy fruit with suitable example.
Difference between plant cell and animal cell.
Explain the role of Latin and Greek names in Biology.
Explain the excretory system of frog.
Write a note on Schizocarpic fruits.
Write an essay on cymose inflorescence
Differentiate classical taxonomy and modern taxonomy
Who proposed the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane? Describe the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane with the help of labelled diagram.
Write notes on:
a. Polytene chromosomes
b. Lampbrush chromosomes
Answers
They contain DNA or RNA
Prothallus
In Pisum sativum leaflets modified into tendrils
Insecta
None of the above
At the junction of midgut and hindgut, about 150.
more O2 in the blood
The total surface area of the capillaries is larger than the total surface area of the arterioles
sarcomere
Cell-B is concerned with colour vision in bright light
Dry Fruit
Paul Hebert
tomato
Glucose
Cell membrane
(i) If the bark of a tree is damaged by the horn of a deer, the tree first seals the damaged region from microbial infection.
(ii) This happens by altering the chemistry of the affected area by forming a callus, which grows and covers the damaged area.
(i) Phosphorylation - Hexokinase, Phospho fructokinase and glyceraldehyde - 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
(ii) De-Phosphorylation - Phospho glycerate Kinase and Pyruvate Kinase
Growth is an intrinsic property of all living organisms through which they can increase cells both in number and mass.
The ability of the bacteriophage to carry only a specific region of the bacterial DNA is called specialized or restricted transduction.
(i) Pili or fimbriae are hair like appendages found on the surface of cell wall of gram-negtive bacteria.
(ii) In addition to normal pili there are special type of pili which help in conjugation called sex pili are also found.
Algae are adapted to thrive in harsh environment too. Dunaliella salina grows in salt pans (Halophytic alga).
The term stele refers to the central cylinder of vascular tissues consisting of Xylem, Phloem, Pericyle. Sometimes medullary rays with pith.
Respiratory gases | Partial pressure mm Hg | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atmospheric air | Alveoli | Deoxygenated Blood | Oxygenated blood | Tissues | |
O2 | 159 | 104 | 40 | 95 | 40 |
CO2 | 0.3 | 40 | 45 | 40 | 45 |
Partial pressure of oxygen and carbon di oxide (in mmHg) in comparison to those gases in the atmosphere.
Albumin: Maintains the osmotic pressure of the blood.
Globulin: Transports molecules such as oxygen and carbon di oxide.
1. Aqueous humor supplies nutrients and oxygen to the lens, cornea and some retinal cells.
2. The aqueous humor is produced and drained at the same rate, maintaining a constant intra ocular pressure of about 16 mmHg.
3. Any block in the canal of schlemm increases the intra ocular pressure of aqueous humor and leads to 'Glaucoma' where the optic nerve and the retina are compressed due to pressure.
Advantages of Vermicomposting:
1. Vermicompost is rich in essential plant nutrients.
2. It improves soil structure texture, aeration, and water holding capacity and prevents soil erosion.
3. Vermicompost is a rich in nutrients and an ecofriendly amendment to soil for farming and terrace gardening.
4. It enhances seed germination and ensures good plant growth.
1. The discovery of enzyme phosphorylase in guard cells by Hanes (1940) greatly supports the starch-sugar interconversion theory.
2. The enzyme phosphorylase hydrolyses starch into sugar and high pH followed by endosmosis and the opening of stomata during light. The vice versa takes place during the night.
1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical test that physicians use to diagnose medical conditions.
2. The radio frequency pulses re-align hydrogen atoms that naturally exist within the body while the patient is in the scanner without causing any chemical changes in the tissues.
3. As the hydrogen atoms return to their usual alignment, they emit different amounts of energy that vary according to the type of body tissue from which they come.
Penicillium - Conidia formation.
A- Conidium
B - Conidiophore
Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) System of classification doesn't recognize dicots as a monophyletic group. Plants that are traditionally classified under dicots are dispersed in several clades such as early Magnolids and Eudicots.
Aquatic habitat | ||
Types | Nature of environmental adaptation | Example |
Free Floating | Growing on water surface | Eichhornia, Trapa, Pistia, Lemna |
Submerged | Plants growing completely under water | Hydrilla, Vallisneria |
Emergent | Plants with roots or stems anchored to the substrate under water and aerial shoots growing above water | Limnophyton, Typha |
Floating leaved | Anchored at bottom but with floating leaves | Nelumbo, Nymphaea |
Mangroves | Plants growing emergent in marshy saline habitat | Avicennia, Rhizophora |
a) Storage roots
1. Conical Root
These are cone like, broad at the base and gradually tapering towards the apex. Eg: Daucus carota.
2. Fusiform root
These roots are swollen in the middle and tapering towards both ends. Eg: Raphanus sativus
3. Napiform root
It is very broad at the apex and suddenly tapers like a tail at the apex. Eg: Beta vulgaris
b) Breathing root
(i) Some mangrove plants like Avicennia, Rhizophora, Bruguiera develop special kinds of roots (Negatively geotropic) for respiration because the soil becomes saturated with water and aeration is very poor.
(ii) They have a large number of breathing pores or pneumatophores for exchange of gases.
Isotonic contraction (iso-same, tonweight/ resistance)
1. In isotonic contraction the length of the muscle changes but the tension remains constant.
2. Here, the force produced is unchanged.
3. Eg: Lifting dumbbells and weight lifting.
a | Radical buds | Foliar buds |
Differences | Radical buds arises from the lateral roots. Eg. Sweet potato | Foliar buds develop from veins or from margins of the leaves. Eg. Begonia |
Similarities | It is a type of adventitious root | It is a type of adventitious root |
b | Phylloclade | Cladode |
Differences | Presence of series of nodes and internodes. Eg: Casuarina | Presence of one or two internodes only. Eg: Asparagus |
Similarities | Phylloclade is a stem modification | Cladode is a stem modification |
The fruits are derived from single pistil where the pericarp is fleshy, succulent and differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. It is subdivided into the following.
(i) Berry: Fruit develops from bicarpellary or multicarpellary, syncarpous ovary. Here the epicarp is thin, the mesocarp and endocarp remain undifferentiated. They form a pulp in which the seeds are embedded. Eg: Tomato, Grapes, Brinjal.
(ii) Drupe: Fruit develops from monocarpellary, superior ovary. It is usually one seeded. Pericarp is differentiated into outer skinny epicarp, fleshy and pulpy mesocarp and hard and stony endocarp around the seed. Eg: Mango, Coconut.
(iii) Pepo: Fruit develops from tricarpellary inferior ovary. Pericarp turns leathery or woody which encloses, fleshy mesocarp and smooth endocarp. Eg: Cucumber, Watermelon, Bottle gourd, Pumpkin.
(iv) Hesperidium:Fruit develops from multicarpellary, multilocular, syncarpous, superior ovary. The fruit wall is differentiated into leathery epicarp with oil glands, a middle fibrous mesocarp. The endocarp forms distinct chambers, containing juicy hairs. Eg: Orange, Lemon.
(v) Pome: It develops from multicarpellary, syncarpous, inferior ovary. The receptacle also develops along with the ovary and becomes fleshy, enclosing the true fruit. In pome the epicarp is thin skin like and endocarp is cartilagenous. Eg: Apple, Pear.
(vi) Balausta: A fleshy indehiscent fruit developing from multicarpellary, multilocular inferior ovary whose pericarp is tough and leathery. Seeds are attached irregularly with testa being the edible portion. Eg: Pomegranate.
S.No | Plant cell | Animal cell |
1. | Usually they are larger than animal cells | Usually smaller than plant cells |
2. | Cell wall present in addition to plasma membrane and consists of middle lamellae, primary and secondary walls | Cell wall absent. |
3. | Plasmodesmata present. | Plasmodesmata absent. |
4. | Chloroplast present. | Chloroplast absent. |
5. | Vacuole large and Permanent. | Vacuole small and temporary. |
6. | Tonoplast present around vacuole. | Tonoplast absent |
7. | Centrioles absent except motile cells of lower plants. | Centrioles present |
8. | Nucleus present along the periphery of the cell | Nucleus at the centre of the cell |
9. | Lysosomes are rare | Lysosomes present. |
10. | Storage material is starch grains. | Storage material is a glycogen granules. |
(i) The word biology itself is a greek word where bios means life and logos means study.
(ii) The role for latin and greek words are used in classification especially in Bionomial classification.
(iii) Named to understand and remember the scientific names of organisms.
(iv) The bionomial nomenclature (L.Bio-two; Nomen-Name) Wedtor animals and Plants is largely derived from latin and Greek words.
(v) Binomial nomenclature was originally codified in the works of Carolus Linnaeus (1753), Species Plantarum.
(vi) Latin is now used by classical scholars, certain purpose in botany and in the medicine field.
(vii) The purpose is to give every species a distinct name which will be recognize everywhere became common names abnabt soecuak vary from country to country or even from region to region within a country.
(viii) using latin and greek forms simply refresh the main language of science when this system was invented.
(ix) Other languages words now used are given grammatical endings derived from the classical languages. Ex: Blakea atton boroaghi.
(i) The process of elimination of nitrogenous wastes, salt and water balance from the body is called as excretion.
(ii) This system consists of a paired kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and cloaca.
(iii) Kidneys are dark red, long, flat organs situated on either sides of the vertebral column.
(iv) Kidneys are mesonephric type.
(v) The functional excretory units of kidneys are nephrons.
(vi) Nephrons separate nitrogenous wastes from the blood and excrete urea so frogs are ureotelic.
(vii) A paired long ureter emerges from the kidneys and opens into the cloaca.
(viii) A thin walled unpaired urinary bladder is present ventral to the rectum.
(ix) Rectum opens into the cloaca.
Schizocarpic Fruit:
This fruit type is intermediate between dehiscent and indehiscent fruit. The fruit instead of dehiscing rather splits into number of segments, each containing one or more seeds. They are of following types.
1. Cremocarp: Fruit develops from bicarpellary, syncarpous inferior ovary and splitting into two, one-seeded segments known as mericarps. Eg: Coriander, Carrot.
2. Carcerulus: Fruit develops from bicarpellary, syncarpous superior ovary and splitting into four one-seeded segments known as nutlets. Eg: Leucas, Ocimum.
3. Lomentum: A leguminous fruit, constricted between the seeds to form a number of a one-seeded compartment, separating at maturity. Eg: Desmodium, Arachis, Mimosa.
4. Regma: Fruit develops from multicarpellary syncarpous ovary and splitting into one-seeded cocci. Eg: Ricinus, Geranium.
Central axis stops growing and ends in a flower, further growth is by means of axillary buds. Old flowers present at apex and young flowers at base.
(i) Simple cyme (solitary): Determinate inflorescence consists of a single flower. It may be terminal or axillary. ego terminal in Trillium grandiflorum and axillary in Hibiscus.
(ii) Monochasial Cyme (uniparous): The main axis ends with a flower. From two lateral bracts, only one branch grows further. It may be helicoid (bostryx) or Scorpiod (cincinnus).
(a) Helicoid: Axis develops on only one side and forms a coil structure atleast at the earlier development stage. egoHamelia, potato.
(b) Scorpiod: Axis develops on alternate sides and often becomes a coil structure. ego Heliotropium.
(iii) Simple dichasium (Biparous): A central axis ends in a terminal flower; further growth is produced by two lateral buds. Each cymose unit consists of three flowers of which central one is old one. This is true cyme. ego Jasminum.
(iv) Compound dichasium: It has many flowers. A terminal old flower develops lateral simple dichasial cymes on both sides. Each compound dichasium consists of seven flowers. ego Clerodendron. A small.simple dichasium is called cymule.
(v) Polychasial Cyme (multiparous): The central axis ends with a flower. The lateral axes branches repeatedly, ego Nerium.
Sympodial Cyme: In monochasial cyme; successive axes at first develop in a zigzag manner and later it develops into a straight pseudo axis. ego Solanum americanum.
S.No | Classical taxonomy | Modern taxonomy |
1 | It is called old systematics or Alpha(α) taxonomy or Taxonomy | It is called Neosystematics or Biosystematics or Omega (Ω) taxonomy |
2 | It is pre-Darwinean. | It is Post Darwinean |
3 | Species is considered as basic unit and is static | Species is considered as dynamic entity and ever changing |
4 | Classification is mainly based on morphological characters | Classification is based on morphological, reproductive characters and phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationship of the organism |
5 | This system is based on the observation of a few samples/individuals | This system is based on the observation of large number of samples/individuals |
Fluid Mosaic Model:
Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson (1972) proposed fluid mosaic model.
1. It is made up of lipids and proteins together with a little amount of carbohydrate. The lipid membrane is made up of phospholipid. The phospholipid molecule has a hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head.
Model of Cell membrance
2. The hydrophobic tail repels water and hydrophilic head attracts water, The proteins of the membrane are globular proteins which are found intermingled between the lipid bilayer most of which are projecting beyond the lipid bilayer.
3. These proteins are called as integral proteins. Few are superficially attached on either surface of the lipid bilayer which are called as peripheral proteins.
4. The proteins are involved in transport of I molecules across the membranes and also act as enzymes, receptors (or) antigens.
5. The Carbohydrate molecules of cell membrane are short chain polysaccharides. These are either bound with 'glycoproteins' or 'glycolipids' and form a 'glyocalyx'.
6. The movement of membrane lipids from one side of the membrane to the other side by vertical movement is called flip flopping or flip flop movement. This movement takes place more slowly than lateral diffusion of lipid molecule.
7. The phospholipids can have flip flop movement because the phospholipids have smaller polar regions, whereas the proteins cannot flip flop because the polar region is extensive.
a) Polytene chromosomes
(i) The polytene chromosome and lamp brush chromosome occur in animals and are also called as giant chromosomes.
(ii) Polytene chromosomes were observed in the salivary glands of Drosophila (fruit fly) by C.G. Balbiani in 1881. In larvae of many flies, midges (Dipthera) and some insects the interphase chromosomes duplicates and reduplicates without nuclear division.
(iii) A single chromosome which is present in multiple copies form a structure called polytene chromosome which can be seen in light microscope.
(iv) They are genetically active. There is a distinct alternating dark bands and light inter-bands. About 95% of DNA are present in bands and 570 in inter-bands.
(v) The polytene chromosome has extremely large puff called Balbiani rings which is seen in Chironomous larvae. It is also known as chromosomal puff. Puffing of bands are the sites of intense RNA synthesis. As this chromosome occurs in the salivary gland it is known as salivary gland chromosomes.
(vi) Gene expression, transcription of genes and RNA synthesis occurs in the bands along the polytene chromosomes. Maternal and paternal homologues remain associated side by side is called somatic pairing.
b) Lampbrush chromosomes
It is occur at the diplotene stage of first meiotic prophase. in oocytes of an animal Salamandar and in giant nucleus of the unicellular alga Acetabularia. lt was first observed by Flemming in 1882. The highly condensed chromosome forms the chromosomal axis, from which lateral loops of DNA extend as a result of intense RNA synthesis.