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Published on: 18/09/2019
Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques
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1.
Write the structural formula of 4-chloro-2-pentene.
2.
Write the name of element which is confirmed on adding Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] in sodium extract solution due to appearance of violet colouration.
3.
Why is an organic compound fused with sodium in Lassaigne's test?
4.
In Carius method, sulphur is estimated by precipitating it as which compound?
5.
Which method is used to extract a compound in aqueous solution?
6.
Name three types of chromatography.
7.
An organic liquid decomposes below its boiling point. How will you purify it?
8.
For testing halogens in an organic compound with AgNO3 solution sodium extract (Lassaigne's test) is acidified with dilute HNO3. What will happen if a student acidifies the extract with dilute H2SO4 in place of diluate HNO3?
9.
What is meant by delocalization?
10.
Which bond is more polar in the following pairs of molecules:
(a) H3C - H or H3C - Br
(b) H3C - NH2 or H3C - OH
(c) H3C - OH or H3C - SH
11.
Identify the most stable species in the following set of ions giving reasons
\(\overset { - }{ C } { H }_{ 3 },\overset { - }{ C } { H }_{ 2 }CI,\overset { - }{ C } { H }CI_{ 2 },\overset { - }{ C } CI_{ 3 }\)
12.
How many \(\sigma\) and \(\pi\) bonds are present in each of the following molecules?
\(CH_{ 3 }-CH=CH-CH_{ 2 }-C\equiv CH\)
13.
Give the common name of (a) methanol, (b) ethanol, (c) ethoxyethane, (d) ethanoic acid, (e) 1, 4 - dimethyl benzene.
1.

2.
Sulphur.
3.
It is because sodium is highly reactive and it reacts with elements to form ionic compounds.
4.
BaSO4.
5.
Differential extraction
6.
Column chromatography, paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography.
7.
By distillation under reduced pressure.
8.
On adding dilute H2 SO4 for testing halogens in an organic compound with AgNO3 white precipate of Ag2SO4 Mmay be mistaken for white precipate of chlorine as AgCI.Hence dilute HNO3 is used instead of dilute H2SO4.
9.
Delocalisation means that pairs of bonding electrons extend over three or more atoms and belong to the whole molecule. Delocalisation \(\pi \) orbital are much larger than the localized \(\pi \) orbital and are therefore more stable.
10.
(a) C–Br, since Br is more electronegative than H, (b) C–O, (c) C–O
11.
\(\overset { - }{ C } CI_{ 3 }\) is the most stable species because on replacing H by CI, negative charge on carbon is reduced and species is stabilized.
12.
\({ CH }_{ 3 }{ CH=CH }{ CH }_{ 2 }C\equiv CH\\ { \sigma }_{ C-C }=5,\quad { \sigma }_{ C-H }=8,\quad { { \pi }_{ C-C } }=3\)
13.
(a) methyl alcohol
(b) ethyl alcohol
(c) diethyl ether
(d) acetic acid
(e) p-xylene
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