Ignore once, Ignore All, Add, Change, Change all, Auto correct, Help, Close, Options, Undo

(i) Click "Select different Address list" button to choose the address list from an existing file or create a new address file
(ii) Click "Add" button to include the existing, data source.
(iii) Click "Create" to create a data source.
(iv) This window shows default fields for the address.
(v) Click "Customize" to add or delete or rename fields.

AutoText allows the user to assign text, tables, graphics and other items to a key or key combination. For example, rather than typing "TamilNadu" every time you use that phrase, you might just type "tn" and press F3.

(i) To change the text direction
(ii) Select the text to change the direction in the cell.
(iii) Select Format ⟶ Character, character dialog box appears.
(iv) Click Position tab, in the Rotation/scaling option,
(v) Select the required rotation angle(0, 90, 270, Fit to Line) and click OK.

A new Open Office Writer document can be created by various methods. From windows, select
(i) Start ⟶ All Programs ⟶ OpenOffice ⟶ OpenOffice Writer (or)
From Star Center (Welcome Screen):
(i) Double-click on "OpenOffice" icon on the desktop.
(ii) Now, a welcome screen.
(iii) This opening screen is called as "Star Center". Writer is one of the components of OpenOffice. So, it may be invoked from the "Star Center" by simply clicking on the "Text Document" icon (or) A new text document can also be created by selecting File ⟶  New ⟶ Text Document (or) Ctrl + N keyboard short cut can also be used to open a new text document.

(i) It is available in many languages and works on all common computers.
(ii) It stores all your data in an International open standard format and can also read and write files, from other common office software packages. OpenOffice is easy to learn.

Website	Webpage
1. A collection of many related webpages linked together under one domain.	1. A single document on the internet.
2. Has content about several entities.	2. Has content about single entity.
3. URL of the website does not depend on a webpage.	3. Address of URL of a webpage depends on the website.
4. Development takes a long time.	4. Development requires minimum amount of time.
5. Example: Amazon, Flipkart, etc.	5. Example: Contact pages, registration, login, etc.

1. A hub is the most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network device together.
2. It joins together the workstations, printers, and servers on a network to communicate with each other.
3. Each hub has a number of ports that connect it to the other devices via a network cable.
4. A hub connects all the devices on its port together.
5. When data arrives at one port, it is sent to the other ports so that all the devices can see all the information, commonly known as packets.
6. There is no intelligence in hub about what devices are connected to hub. When one device sends packet to the hub, it just broadcasts the packet on all ports.

Web Browser:
Internet Browser is an Application program that shows a World wide web report. It ordinarily utilizes the web access to get to the archive.
Web Server:
Web worker is a program or the PC that offer types of assistance to different projects called customer.
Web Page:
A page (or site page) is a hypertext report given by a site and showed to a client in an internet browser. A site ordinarily comprises of many pages connected together in a rational style. The name "page" is an allegory of paper pages bound together into a book.
At the point when the web worker gets the solicitation, it look through its stores to track down the fitting page. On the off chance that the web worker can find the page, it distributes to the HTML contained inside, delivers these bundles to the program (utilizing HTTP), and communicate them back across the organization.

1. Open a Web Slides slideshow on your desktop.
2. Click the slide you want to disable on the left.
3. Keep the Change key when tapping several slides to uninstall them all at once.
4. On your screen, click Remove or Scroll lock.
5. Link to Leader on the View menu, then press Slide Master.
6. Click the slide template you want to disable in the scrolling window.
7. Select the Slide Master tab, then Uninstall under Slide Master.
8. Control +click or right -click to uninstall the slide and disable the leftmost column of the thumbnail. Alternatively, you should disable the slide and then remove it.

1. A title slide in PowerPoint may have a various meanings, but in most situations, it is the first slide in the display and appears in the PowerPoint workspace when it is opened.
2. The description slideshow in Power point presentation comes with two text boxes with a title and a subtitle by chance.
3. Choose the slider on which one you want to adjust the layout so that it can have a subtitle.
4. Choose Home > Layout from the drop-down list.
5. Prefer Title Slide if you want a standalone title tab, or Title and Content if you want a slide with a title and a full slide text box.
6. Select the button that says "Click to add title text.
7. The titles of your slides should be short and to the point, not long and winding.
8. The text of the slide should be better then the rest of the text on the slide.
9. The direction of the slide titles should be consistent.
10. The titles of the slides should be easy to read.
11. Before I get hundreds of comments warning me that this is nonsense and that "less is enough," let me be clear: every slide must have a title, but it does not have to be noticeable to the crowd.

(i) Slide transitions are the animation like effects that occur when you move from one slide to the next during a presentation, you can control the speed, add sound and customize the properties of transition effects. Using this transition effects will keep the audience visually interested by using movements.
(ii) Transitions dictate how a presentation progresses from one slide to next.

(i) Slide sorter view is to rearranged the sliders. A thumbnail of each slide in order, use this view to rearrange the order of slides, produce a timed slide show, or add transitions between selected slides. The tasks pane on the right displays four pages that allow you to specify the master slide, layout, transitions, and animation effects for the object on your slides.
(ii) Slide sorter view is to rearrange the sliders.

If a sheet is printed on multiple pages, you can set up certain rows or columns to repeat on each printed page.
Steps to print the title row on every page of the spread-sheet:
(i) On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Page Setup.
(ii) Under Print Titles, click in Rows to repeat at top or Columns to repeat at left and select the column or row that contains the titles you want to repeat.
(iii) Click OK.
(iv) Choose Format → Print Ranges → Edit.
(v) On the Edit Print Ranges dialog box, type the rows in the text entry box under Rows to repeat.

Given database is to be sorted on the basis of customer name in ascending order.
Step 1: Place the cell pointer in the field (customer name) to be sorted.
Step 2: Click Sort Ascending icon.
Database can be sorted in either way ascending or descending order depending upon the requirement

 

A function is a predefined calculation entered in a cell to help to analyze or manipulate data in a spreadsheet. These functions simplify help to create the formulas needed to get the expected results

(i) Relative here means that the reference to this cell address will be changed automatically when you copy the formulae.
(ii) Absolute references are the opposite of relative addressing. A dollar sign is placed before each column name and row number in an absolute reference.

Deleting Data	Backspace
Delete key deletes data towards right of the insertion point.	Backspace key deletes data towards left of the insertion point

 

OpenOffice Calc is a popular open source spreadsheet application maintained by Apache Foundation. Star Office Calc is the parent application of OpenOffice Calc which was developed by a German Company namely, Star Division in 1985. Calc is the spreadsheet component of OpenOffice. You can enter any kind of data in a spreadsheet and then manipulate this data to produce certain results.

There are several methods of transferring files to or from a removable disk.
(i) Copy and Paste
(ii) Drag and Drop
(iii) Send To
(iv) Copy and Paste using keyboard shortcuts

(i) Microsoft Edge is a more advanced web browser, which takes the place of Microsoft Internet Explorer.
(ii) Edge is much faster than Internet Explorer, as well offering more advanced search functions (which integrate the use of Cortana to deliver more clever, personalised results).
(iii) In addition, Edge has a "writing on the web" feature that allows you to take notes, highlight, and doodle directly onto web pages.

Use of Cortana
(i) Gives reminders based on time, places or people.
(ii) Track packages, teams, interests and flights.
(iii) Send emails and texts.
(iv) Find facts, files, places and information.
(v) Open any application on your system.

The drives are segregated because
(i) Save space and increase performance.
(ii) To include other Operating systems, isolate programs and keep files tidy.
(iii) It might help to isolate operating systems or programs from other user.

(i) Air traffic Control System, where at any moment the user must know the latest information to take further action.
(ii) Updating of a bank account of a customer to know the various transactions and balance to go for the next action.

(i) Single user operating system
(ii) Multi-user Operating system
(iii) Distributed Operating system
(iv) Operating system
(v) Mobile Operating system.

(i) This algorithm is based on queuing technique. This is the basic logic of the FIFO algorithm.
(ii) Technically, the process that enters the queue first is executed first by the CPU, followed by the next and so on.
(iii) The processes are executed in the order of the queue (row).

User interface:
(i) It is one of the important features of an Operating system.
(ii) User interface allows user to interact with computer effectively.
(iii) An interactive Operating system provides astonishing feature of Graphical User Interface.
(iv) GUI is one of the advanced features that have made Windows and other interactive Operating system highly popular.
(v) Some properties of GUI are display of icons, movement of cursor, etc.
Memory Management:
(i) Operating system performs the function of memory management. Memory Management is the process of controlling and coordinating with computers main memory.
(ii) The Operating system keeps a track of main memory/primary memory i.e. which portion of memory is currently being used and who is using them.
(iii) Memory Management involves allocation and de-allocation of memory blocks.
File Management:
(i) File Management is an important function of Operating System that maintains and manages file operation.
(ii) File Management manages files, folder and directory system on computer.
(iii) The process of File Management includes creating, modifying and deleting of files.
(iv) File Management of Operating system helps to create new files and place them at specific location and makes the process of sharing of files easy.
Process Management:
(i) Process Management includes creation and deletion of processes.
(ii) Process Management provides mechanism for communication and synchronization of processes.
I/O Management:
(i) The Operating system is responsible for all sorts of input from keyboard, mouse, desktop, etc.
(ii) Operating system effectively handle I/O operation to hide the peculiar behavior from the end-user.
Security Management:
(i) Operating system provides security by protecting unauthorize access to computer and uses password and other similar technique to protect user data

S.No	Primary memory	Secondary memory
1.	It is the main memory of the computer system.	It is the auxiliary memory from where stored data can be retrieved.
2.	Data and Instructions are temporary.	Data and Instructions are permanent
3.	Example: RAM, ROM	Example: Hard disk, CD, DVD

(i) The address bus is used to point a memory location.
(ii) A decoder, a digital circuit is used to point to the specific memory location where the word can be located.
(iii) The address register is connected with the address bus, which provides the address of the instruction.
(iv) A data bus is used to transfer data between the memory and the CPU.
(v) The data bus is bidirectional and the address bus is unidirectional.
(vi) The control bus controls both read and write operations.
(vii) The system bus is a bunch of wires which is the collection of address bus, data bus and control bus that serves as communication channels between the microprocessor and other devices.

Flash memory	EEPROM
Faster in performance	Slower in performance
Flash uses the slower NAND gate.	EEPROM uses the faster NOR gate
Using flash, access and erase data in block- Wise.	Using EEPROM, access and erase data only byte-wise or byte at a time.
Storage capacity can range from a GB to hundred of GB.	Storage capacity can range from a kilobytes to a couple of megabytes.

Computer architecture deals with the engineering considerations involved in designing a computer. Computer Organization deals with the hardware components that are transparent to the programmer.

1. Integral and Fraction
2. 00110₂
3. American standard code for information interchange
4. 10⁴

B2F16  = 1011 0010  1111 (Convert to binary)
            = 101 100 101  111 (group bits by 3s)
            = 5457₈ (Convert to Octal)

(a) -22₁₀ + 15₁₀

\((1111)_2 \Rightarrow(00001111)_2 \)
\((10110)_2 \Rightarrow(00010110)_2 \)
\(1 \text { 's complement } \quad \quad \quad =11101001 \)
\(2 \text {'s complement } \quad \quad \quad =11101010 \)
\((-22)_{10}+(15)_{10} \quad \quad \quad =11101001 \)
                                       \(= 00001111\)
                                      ______________
                                        1 1 1  0 1 0 1 0
                                      ______________
(b) 20₁₀ + 25₁₀

(10100)₂                       = (11001)₂
8 bit Format of 20₁₀  = 00010100
8 bit format of 25₁₀    = 00011001
20₁₀ + 25₁₀              =    _________
                                       00101101
                                     __________
20₁₀ + 25₁₀ = 00101101₂

(i) There are only two digits in the Binary system, namely, 0 and 1. The numbers in the binary system are represented to the base 2 and the positional multipliers are the powers of 2.
(ii) The left most bit in the binary number is called as the Most Significant Bit (MSB) and it has the largest positional weight.
(iii) The right most bit is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) and has the smallest positional weight.

(i) A touch screen is a display device that allows the user to interact with a computer by using the finger.
(ii) It can be quite useful as an alternative to a mouse or keyboard for navigating a graphical user interface (GUI).
(iii) Touch screens are used on a wide variety of devices such as computer and laptop, monitors, smart phones, tablets, cash registers, and information kiosks.
(iv) Some touch screens uses a grid of infrared beams to sense the presence of a finger instead of utilizing touch-sensitive input.

(i) Machine language is a collection of binary digits or bits that the computer reads and interprets.
(ii) In first generation, machined language was used.

Monitor:
(i) Monitor is the most commonly used output device to display the information. It looks like a TV.
(ii) Pictures on a monitor are formed with picture elements called PIXELS.
(iii) Monitors may either be Monochrome which display text or images in Black and White or can be color, which display results in multiple colors.
(iv) There are many types of monitors available such as CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diodes).
(v) The video graphics card helps the keyboard to communicate with the screen.
(vi) It acts as an interface between the computer and display monitor.

The various applications of computer.
(i) Business
(ii) Education
(iii) Marketing
(iv) Banking
(v) Insurance
(vi) Communication
(vii) Healthcare
(viii) Engineering - Robotics, Nano technology, Bio Engineering

(i) Spread sheet
(ii) Text tiles
(iii) Database
(iv) Microsoft outlook contact list
(v) Microsoft office address list
(vi) Word data file.

(i) one standard letter can be send to all without having to manually add each name and address.
(ii) The letter can be personalized - it looks like the letter has been written to the individual person.
(iii) It is a very fast method to produce hundred of personalized letter.

Clicking on Transparency icon helps to adjust the clarity of the picture in %.

To insert rows in a table there are different ways:
(i) The easiest way to add a row is to press Tab from the last cell.
(ii) To insert a single row anywhere, place the insertion point in that particular cell and click the Insert row icon  from the Table Formatting toolbar.
(iii) To insert more than one row, click Table ⟶ Insert ⟶ Rows, the Insert Rows dialog box appears enter the of value using spin arrows or type the number directly. In the position option, select Before or After radio button to specify the position of the row.
(iv) Click OK button
Inserting Columns:
To insert columns there are different ways
(i) Place the insertion point in the particular column and click the Insert column icon   to insert a blank column right of the insertion point.
(ii) To insert more than one column, place the insertion point in the particular column and click Table ⟶ Insert ⟶ Column, the insert column dialog box appears enter the value using spin arrows or type the number directly.
(iii) In the position option, select Before or After radio button to specify the position of the column.
(iv) Click OK button

(i) Select the required text.
(ii) Select Format ⟶ paragraph.
(iii) The paragraph dialog box appears, click on Indents & Spacing tab.
(iv) In the line spacing drop down, select the required line spacing (there are seven different types of line spacing).
(v) click OK button.

File ⟶ Save
File ⟶ Save As
Ctrl + S

Benefits of e-governance
(i) Reduced corruption
(ii) High transparency
(iii) Increased convenience
(iv) Reduction in overall cost
(v) Expanded reach of government.